發(fā)布時間：2018-03-07 22:20

  本文選題：超深孔　切入點(diǎn)：光面爆破　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,對礦產(chǎn)資源需求越來越大。如何高效的開采礦產(chǎn)資源成為人們思考的問題,尤其對地下礦產(chǎn)資源的開采更是成為急需解決的問題。在整個地下礦產(chǎn)開采中,井巷建設(shè)的工程總量占據(jù)總工程量的70%左右,井巷建設(shè)的快慢直接影響礦產(chǎn)資源的開采效率。在井巷工程中,井巷掘進(jìn)大部分使用爆破法。因此有必要對井巷掘進(jìn)中的爆破方法加以研究。 本文以如何在立井施工中使用超深孔鑿巖爆破來加快掘進(jìn)速度和減少超欠挖為研究對象,采用理論分析和現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)等方法進(jìn)行了研究。首先以巖石斷裂理論和爆轟理論為基礎(chǔ),探討了巖石破碎機(jī)理和光面爆破原理,較為系統(tǒng)的分析了影響爆破效果具體因素,并得出巖石破碎過程中粉碎區(qū)和裂隙區(qū)的理論半徑。其次總結(jié)了井巷爆破中重要參數(shù)的理論計(jì)算方法和掏槽方式選取原則。最后在上述理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場施工中遇到的問題,進(jìn)行了掏槽試驗(yàn)和周邊孔間隔裝藥試驗(yàn),設(shè)計(jì)了節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育段爆破方案,取得了以下成果,為今后同類型項(xiàng)目施工提供了一些有價(jià)值的參考。 1.超深孔光面爆破用于立井施工,可以增加進(jìn)尺度,加快施工進(jìn)度,減少支護(hù)難度和成本。 2.二階單錐形掏槽相比于單階掏槽和二階雙直眼掏槽更有利于掏槽腔的形成,為后續(xù)爆破提供更好的自由面。 3.在炮孔總數(shù)基本不變的情況下,適當(dāng)減少輔助孔數(shù)增加掏槽孔數(shù)有助于提高爆破效果。 4.孔底水間隔裝藥可以使炸藥能量在炮孔內(nèi)分布均勻,減少孔口大塊和消除孔底“根底”,降低間隔裝藥成本,提高光面爆破效果。 5.在節(jié)理裂隙較發(fā)育段,爆破設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)根據(jù)節(jié)理發(fā)育具體情況適當(dāng)調(diào)整爆破參數(shù)以便達(dá)到更好的爆破效果。 6.在鉆眼機(jī)械不變的情況下,改變防堵塞裝置(采用自制防堵塞裝置),可以有效減少鉆眼時間,增加掘進(jìn)效率。 7.鋼模采用防爆裝置,可以有效減小爆破對鋼模的損壞,降低成本,加快掘進(jìn)速度。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the demand for mineral resources is increasing. In particular, the mining of underground mineral resources has become an urgent problem. In the whole underground mineral mining, the total amount of the construction of wells and roadways accounts for about 70% of the total project volume. The speed of roadway construction has a direct effect on the mining efficiency of mineral resources. In the engineering of shaft and roadway, the blasting method is used in most of the roadway excavation. Therefore, it is necessary to study the blasting method in the roadway excavation. In this paper, how to use ultra-deep hole rock drilling blasting in shaft construction to speed up the excavation speed and reduce the over-underexcavation is the research object of this paper. Based on the theory of rock fracture and the theory of detonation, the mechanism of rock crusher and the principle of smooth blasting are discussed, and the specific factors influencing the blasting effect are analyzed systematically. The theoretical radius of crushing area and fissure area in the process of rock fragmentation is obtained. Secondly, the theoretical calculation method and cutting mode selection principle of important parameters in blasting are summarized. Finally, on the basis of the above theoretical research, Combined with the problems encountered in the field construction, the cutting test and the peripheral hole spacing charge test are carried out, and the blasting scheme of the joint fracture development section is designed. The following results have been obtained, which provide some valuable references for the construction of the same type projects in the future. 1. The application of ultra-deep hole smooth blasting in shaft construction can increase the scale, speed up the construction and reduce the difficulty and cost of support. 2. The second order single conical cutting is more favorable to the formation of the cutting cavity than the single step cutting and the second order double straight hole cutting, which provides a better free surface for the subsequent blasting. 3. Under the condition that the total number of holes is almost unchanged, reducing the number of auxiliary holes and increasing the number of cut holes is helpful to improve the blasting effect. 4.The interval charge of hole and bottom water can make the energy of explosive distribute evenly in the hole, reduce the large size of hole mouth and eliminate the bottom of hole "root bottom", reduce the cost of interval charge, and improve the effect of smooth blasting. 5. The blasting design should adjust the blasting parameters according to the specific conditions of joint development in order to achieve better blasting effect. 6. Under the condition that the drilling mechanism remains unchanged, the self-made anti-clogging device can effectively reduce the drilling time and increase the tunneling efficiency. 7. The explosion proof device used in the steel mould can effectively reduce the damage to the steel mould by blasting, reduce the cost and speed up the driving speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD235.33

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