本文選題：煤層注水　切入點(diǎn)：沖擊傾向性　出處：《黑龍江科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在具有沖擊傾向性煤層開(kāi)采中,通常采用煤層注水卸壓的方式來(lái)保證安全生產(chǎn),但是生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中采用此方式的煤體在高應(yīng)力作用下局部有時(shí)依然有沖擊事故發(fā)生。為了減少?zèng)_擊危險(xiǎn)事故的發(fā)生,提高局部危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域的可預(yù)測(cè)性和可預(yù)警性,對(duì)局部危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域注水煤體失穩(wěn)前兆信息的監(jiān)測(cè)研究顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文通過(guò)接觸式聲發(fā)射設(shè)備和非接觸式紅外熱像設(shè)備對(duì)具有沖擊傾向性注水煤體(自然吸水狀態(tài)煤體、飽和吸水狀態(tài)煤體和天然含水狀態(tài)煤體)進(jìn)行單軸荷載組合監(jiān)測(cè)試驗(yàn),以求從內(nèi)外兩方面來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)煤樣失穩(wěn)破壞的演化過(guò)程,從而揭示具有沖擊傾向煤體局部危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域受力失穩(wěn)前紅外輻射和聲發(fā)射前兆變化規(guī)律,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)研究本文取得了如下主要研究成果:(1)煤樣結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)前聲發(fā)射演化過(guò)程大致可分為三個(gè)階段,聲發(fā)射平靜期、聲發(fā)射弱活躍期和聲發(fā)射強(qiáng)活躍期。煤樣吸水量越大,相同荷載下煤樣承載時(shí)間縮短,局部失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)越早,聲發(fā)射突增點(diǎn)也出現(xiàn)越早。煤樣失穩(wěn)前聲發(fā)射信號(hào)突增明顯且具有一段平靜期。此現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)可作為煤樣失穩(wěn)前兆的判斷依據(jù)。(2)注水煤樣AIRT-時(shí)間演化和應(yīng)力-時(shí)間演化趨勢(shì)相似,煤樣結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)前AIRT先于結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)應(yīng)力下降而下降,吸水量越大這種趨勢(shì)越明顯。煤樣失穩(wěn)前紅外熱像的紅外前兆異常區(qū)顯現(xiàn)明顯。煤樣吸水率越大紅外熱像異常點(diǎn)與周圍環(huán)境溫差越小,但是紅外異常點(diǎn)顯現(xiàn)越明顯。首次紅外異常區(qū)的出現(xiàn)可作為煤樣失穩(wěn)前兆的判斷依據(jù)。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)比分析注水煤體在結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)演化過(guò)程中的聲發(fā)射和紅外輻射特征信息可知:聲發(fā)射信號(hào)增多只知道損傷加劇但不知何時(shí)煤樣失穩(wěn)破壞,雖然紅外熱像的出現(xiàn)時(shí)間比AE信號(hào)出現(xiàn)晚,但是,它卻比AE信號(hào)結(jié)束早。因此,紅外異常點(diǎn)、帶或面的出現(xiàn)則能更加直觀和明顯的預(yù)示煤樣失穩(wěn)破壞。利用聲發(fā)射和紅外熱像特征參數(shù)建立了煤體損傷模型,從內(nèi)外兩方面分析了注水煤樣損傷演化規(guī)律。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種監(jiān)測(cè)手段可優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ),其組合監(jiān)測(cè)能較好的預(yù)測(cè)煤樣失穩(wěn)破壞。
[Abstract]:In the mining of coal seam with percussive tendency, coal seam water injection and pressure relief is usually used to ensure safe production. However, in order to reduce the occurrence of the dangerous impact accidents and improve the predictability and early warning of the local dangerous areas, the coal bodies which adopt this way in the process of production sometimes still have impact accidents under high stress. It is very important to monitor and study the precursor information of coal body instability in local dangerous area. In this paper, contact acoustic emission equipment and non-contact infrared thermal imaging equipment are used to test the uniaxial load combination monitoring of coal body with impact tendency (natural absorbent coal, saturated absorbent coal and natural water-bearing coal). In order to monitor the evolution process of instability and failure of coal samples from both inside and outside, this paper reveals the law of infrared radiation and acoustic emission precursor before the local dangerous area of coal body with impact tendency. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the evolution process of acoustic emission (AE) before instability of coal sample structure can be divided into three stages: acoustic emission quiet period, acoustic emission weak active period and acoustic emission strong active period. Under the same load, the loading time of coal sample is shortened, and the local instability occurs earlier. The more early the acoustic emission burst occurs, the more obvious the acoustic emission signal increases before the coal sample instability and has a quiet period. This phenomenon can be used as the basis for judging the precursor of coal sample instability. 2) AIRT- time evolution and stress-time of injected coal sample. The trend of evolution is similar. Before the instability of coal sample structure, the AIRT decreases before the structural instability stress decreases. The larger the water absorption is, the more obvious this trend is. The more the water absorption rate of coal sample, the smaller the temperature difference between the abnormal point of infrared thermal image and the surrounding environment. However, the more obvious the infrared anomaly is, the more obvious it is. The appearance of the first abnormal infrared region can be used as the basis for judging the precursor of coal instability. Through the comparative analysis of acoustic emission and infrared radiation characteristic information of injected coal in the evolution process of structural instability, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the characteristics of acoustic emission and infrared radiation in the process of structural instability evolution. Information: an increase in acoustic emission signals is known only to increase the damage but not to know when the coal sample is unstable and destroyed. Although the infrared thermal image appears later than the AE signal, it is earlier than the AE signal. Therefore, the infrared anomaly, The appearance of belt or surface can predict the instability and failure of coal sample more intuitively and obviously. The damage model of coal body is established by using the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission and infrared thermal image. The law of damage evolution of injected coal samples is analyzed from internal and external aspects. It is found that the two monitoring methods can complement each other in their advantages and their combined monitoring can better predict the instability and failure of coal samples.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TD324

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