本文選題：黃銅礦　切入點：鐵閃鋅礦　出處：《江西理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：黃金生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的氰化尾渣中含有數(shù)量可觀的有價元素,資源綜合回收利用潛力巨大,貴金屬浸出過程中,硫化銅鋅礦浮選性能變化的理論研究不夠深入;活化浮選氰化尾渣時破壞氰化物,減少劇毒氰化物對環(huán)境的污染。以貴金屬浸出后的氰化尾渣中硫化礦的綜合回收利用為背景,選擇黃銅礦、鐵閃鋅礦純礦物分別進行浮選、模擬貴金屬氰化浸出流程處理后浮選及活化浮選試驗。通過浮選回收率差異對比分析氰化鈉的抑制效果及活化劑的活化效果,尋找多種有效活化劑。借助紅外光譜儀、Zeta電位儀等測試儀器,結(jié)合浮選溶液化學計算進行抑制及活化機理分析�；罨瘎┯昧坎煌瑫r對黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦進行浮選動力學擬合,分析活化浮選速率差異,理論上指導黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦的分選回收。浮選試驗結(jié)果表明氰化鈉能強烈抑制黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦,黃銅礦消耗氰化鈉的能力是鐵閃鋅礦的2倍以上;在有氧條件下,浸出后的黃銅礦在一定范圍內(nèi)有自我活化效果。電化學計算及紅外測試研究表明主要抑制成分為Cu(CN)42-、Zn(CN)42-和Fe(CN)64-,在堿性條件下,其生成電位均較相應的丁基黃原酸鹽低。CN-在黃銅礦、鐵閃鋅礦表面發(fā)生化學鍵合吸附。活化浮選試驗得到四種有效活化劑,黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦浮選回收率隨活化劑次氯酸鈉和雙氧水用量增加而先增后減,隨焦亞硫酸鈉和硫酸銅用量增加而先快速后緩慢增大。次氯酸鈉、雙氧水是強氧化劑,其還原電位遠高于CN-的氧化電位,優(yōu)先氧化CN-,再氧化硫化礦中的S。焦亞硫酸鈉是強還原劑,紅外光譜測試表明焦亞硫酸鈉能將CN-還原成SCN-,大大減弱其與礦物表面金屬離子的絡合能力,丁基黃藥優(yōu)先吸附于礦物表面,從而活化黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦;該反應的速度慢,需活化作用時間不小于10min。Cu2+具有較弱的氧化能力,能將CN-氧化成(CN)2;硫酸銅能消耗礦漿中的難免離子CN-,故硫酸銅具有活化性能。Cu2+、Zn2+濃度相同時,Cu2+優(yōu)先吸附在鐵閃鋅礦表面,過量的Cu2+能活化鐵閃鋅礦�；罨瘎┯昧窟m宜時黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦活化浮選速率均有KCu SO4KNa Cl OKH2O2KNa S2O5,累計浮選回收率εCu SO4εNa2S2O5εH2O2、εNa Cl O。焦亞硫酸鈉作活化劑時,模型二擬合的浮選速率常數(shù)KCuKZn�；罨瘎┝蛩徙~用量1.67×10-4mol/L,黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦活化浮選動力學模型二擬合的浮選速率常數(shù)分別為15.12和1.26,浮選時間1min時,黃銅礦回收率達到91%,而鐵閃鋅礦只有25%。氰化尾渣中含銅或鋅硫化礦其中一種,且氧化較嚴重時,選用焦亞硫酸鈉為活化劑較佳;若黃銅礦和鐵閃鋅礦活化浮選分離時,使用適量硫酸銅作活化劑更佳。
[Abstract]:The cyanide tailings in gold production field contain a considerable amount of valuable elements, and the comprehensive recovery and utilization potential of resources is great. During the leaching process of precious metals, the theoretical study on the flotation performance of copper-zinc sulphide ores is not deep enough. The cyanide was destroyed in activated flotation of cyanide tailings and the environmental pollution caused by highly toxic cyanide was reduced. Under the background of comprehensive recovery and utilization of sulphide ore from cyanide tailings after noble metal leaching, chalcopyrite and marmatite pure minerals were selected for flotation, respectively. Flotation and activated flotation tests after simulated noble metal cyanide leaching process were carried out. The inhibition effect of sodium cyanide and the activation effect of activator were compared and analyzed through the difference of flotation recovery. By means of infrared spectrometer Zeta potentiometer and chemical calculation of flotation solution, the inhibition and activation mechanism were analyzed. The flotation kinetics of chalcopyrite and sphalerite was fitted with different amount of activator. The difference of activated flotation rate is analyzed and the separation and recovery of chalcopyrite and marmatite are guided theoretically. The results of flotation test show that sodium cyanide can restrain chalcopyrite and marmatite strongly, and the ability of consumption of sodium cyanide in chalcopyrite is more than 2 times that of sphalerite. Under aerobic conditions, the leaching chalcopyrite has a self-activation effect in a certain range. The electrochemical calculation and infrared test show that the main inhibitory components are CuanCNN 42-ZZN CN42- and Fetron CNN 42-, and in alkaline conditions, Its formation potential is lower than the corresponding Ding Ji xanthate. CN- is adsorbed on the surface of chalcopyrite and sphalerite, and four effective activators are obtained by activation flotation test. The flotation recovery rate of chalcopyrite and sphalerite increases first and then decreases with the increase of the amount of activator sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide, and increases rapidly and slowly with the increase of sodium pyrosulfite and copper sulfate. Sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide are strong oxidants. Its reduction potential is much higher than that of CN-. It gives priority to oxidation of CN-and reoxidation of S in sulphide ore. Sodium pyrosulfite is a strong reductant. The infrared spectra show that sodium pyrosulfite can reduce CN- to SCN-and weaken the complexation ability of CN- with metal ions on mineral surface. Ding Ji xanthate preferentially adsorbs on mineral surface, thus activating chalcopyrite and marmatite, and the reaction rate is slow. The activation time is not less than 10 min. Cu2 has weak oxidation ability and can oxidize CN-to CN-2.The copper sulfate can consume the inevitable ion CN-in the slurry, so CuSO4 has the same activity. Cu2Zn2 is preferentially adsorbed on the surface of marmatite when the concentration of Cu2Zn2 is the same. Excessive Cu2 can activate sphalerite. The activated flotation rate of chalcopyrite and marmatite is both KCu SO4KNa Cl OKH2O2KNa S2O5 when the amount of activator is suitable, and the cumulative flotation recovery is 蔚 Cu SO4 蔚 Na2S2O5 蔚 H 2O 2, 蔚 Na Cl O 2, when sodium pyrosulfite is used as activator. The flotation rate constant KCuKZn.CuKZn.The amount of activated copper sulfate 1.67 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol 路L ~ (-1), the flotation rate constants fitted by two kinetic models of activated flotation of chalcopyrite and sphalerite are 15.12 and 1.26, respectively, and the flotation time is 1 min. The recovery rate of chalcopyrite is 91%, but that of marmatite is only 25%. One of the copper or zinc sulphide ores in cyanide tailings is selected as activator when oxidation is more serious. If chalcopyrite and marmatite are separated by activated flotation, It is better to use appropriate amount of copper sulfate as activator.
【學位授予單位】：江西理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD923

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