本文選題：原地浸礦　切入點：離子型稀土礦床　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：離子型稀土礦床是我國獨特的珍貴資源,然而它的開發(fā)利用卻帶來了嚴重的環(huán)境問題�，F(xiàn)行的原地浸礦工藝雖然不同于已經(jīng)淘汰的池浸、堆浸工藝,毋須進行“搬山”運動,較好地保護了植被,減少了水土流失,也提高了資源回收率,但取而代之的是邊坡穩(wěn)定性的問題。原地浸礦常常誘發(fā)滑坡災(zāi)害,直接影響礦山安全生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟效益,還可能毀壞農(nóng)田,甚至造成人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失,因而引起社會的廣泛關(guān)注。目前對原地浸礦誘發(fā)滑坡的機理雖有一定研究,而且大多認為原地浸礦造成邊坡土體局部液體過飽和,改變了土體的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì),使其強度大大降低,是滑坡形成的主要原因。但前人對滑坡成因的分析,往往是在礦山現(xiàn)場觀察的基礎(chǔ)上進行一般性推理分析,對浸礦過程是否以及如何改變稀土礦石的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì),最終導(dǎo)致滑坡,缺少實驗研究資料的支撐。論文以原地浸礦已經(jīng)誘發(fā)多處滑坡的贛南鄉(xiāng)標稀土礦為研究對象,在野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,從原地浸礦采場1#滑坡的新鮮滑動面上,采用掏洞的方式,按2m深度間距,在采取了一組尾礦樣品,在距離該滑坡直線距離不足100m處采取了稀土原礦樣品。樣品在陽光下放置數(shù)日直至風干后,進行了化學(xué)成分、礦物成分、粒度成分、密度、液限、塑限、膨脹性、力學(xué)性質(zhì)等主要工程性質(zhì)試驗研究。研究表明尾礦樣品與原礦樣品相比,化學(xué)成分、礦物成分、粒度分布、結(jié)構(gòu)以及力學(xué)性質(zhì)等各項工程性質(zhì)均發(fā)生了顯著改變。分析認為浸礦過程中強烈的化學(xué)反應(yīng)改變了稀土礦石的結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致浸礦后稀土礦石強度大大降低。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),尾礦樣品顆粒粒度分布隨深度呈現(xiàn)出明顯的變化規(guī)律,并清楚地表明粒徑介于3~0.031mm顆粒向深部發(fā)生了大量遷移,并造成了孔隙阻塞。據(jù)此分析,是由于孔隙阻塞引起局部礦體中土體接近飽和,進一步降低了稀土礦石的強度,從而誘發(fā)了1#滑坡。
[Abstract]:The ion rare earth deposit is a unique precious resource in China, but its exploitation and utilization have brought serious environmental problems. Although the present in-situ leaching process is different from the eliminated pool leaching and heap leaching technology, there is no need to carry out the "mountain moving" movement. Better protection of vegetation, reduction of soil and water loss, and improvement of recovery rate of resources are replaced by the problem of slope stability. In situ leaching often induces landslide disasters, which directly affect mine safety and economic benefits. It may also destroy farmland and even cause casualties and property losses, which has caused widespread concern in society. Although there is some research on the mechanism of in-situ leaching induced landslides, Most of them think that the in-situ leaching causes the local liquid supersaturation of the slope soil, which changes the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, greatly reduces the strength of the soil, and is the main reason for the formation of the landslide. On the basis of mine site observation, general reasoning analysis is often carried out to determine whether and how to change the physical and mechanical properties of rare earth ores during the leaching process, which eventually leads to landslides. The paper takes Gannan standard rare earth deposit which has already induced many landslides in situ leaching as the research object, on the basis of field geological investigation, from the fresh sliding surface of the in situ leaching pit 1# landslide. A group of tailings samples were taken according to the distance of 2m depth, and rare earth raw ore samples were taken at a distance of less than 100 m from the landslide. The samples were placed in the sun for a few days until the air dried, and the chemical composition was carried out. The main engineering properties, such as mineral composition, particle size composition, density, liquid limit, plastic limit, swelling property, mechanical property and so on, are studied. The results show that the chemical composition, mineral composition and particle size distribution of the tailings sample are different from those of the raw ore sample. The structure and mechanical properties of rare earth ores have been changed remarkably. It is considered that the strong chemical reactions during the leaching process have changed the structure of rare earth ores, resulting in a great decrease in the strength of rare earth ores after leaching. The particle size distribution of tailings shows obvious variation with depth, and clearly indicates that the particle size is between 30.031mm and 30.031mm, which leads to pore blockage. It is due to pore blockage that the soil mass in the orebody is nearly saturated which further reduces the strength of the rare earth ore and thus induces the 1# landslide.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD854.6;P642.22

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