本文選題：重金屬　切入點(diǎn)：酸水庫　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：酸性礦山廢水(AMD)是礦山開采和利用過程中產(chǎn)生的特殊酸性廢水,含有大量的重金屬離子和硫酸鹽,任意排放會導(dǎo)致礦區(qū)周邊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破壞,其引起的環(huán)境問題已經(jīng)不容忽視,亟待解決。本文以馬鞍山某礦區(qū)AMD污染土壤和處理AMD的濕地為研究對象,分析采集樣品的理化特性和微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),以評價(jià)當(dāng)?shù)赝寥牢廴厩闆r,考察濕地系統(tǒng)對AMD的處理效果。結(jié)果表明,該酸水庫周邊土壤受金屬Fe、Mn、Cd以及硫酸鹽污染嚴(yán)重,有機(jī)質(zhì)、總氮等營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)流失較為嚴(yán)重;土壤樣品AMD污染程度隨著與酸水庫距離的增加而降低,土壤pH、有機(jī)碳和總氮含量亦逐漸增加,土壤微生物種類逐漸增加,多樣性指數(shù)也隨之提高;采樣土壤的菌群功能較為完整,Bacillus、Lactococcus等具有水解產(chǎn)酸功能的細(xì)菌占了細(xì)菌總菌群的55.0%以上,參與硫元素代謝的Desulfuromonas、Desulfobulbus等屬占總菌群的24.0%以上;此外,參與氮素循環(huán)的Nitrosophaera、Nitrosopumilus屬和產(chǎn)甲烷古菌Methanoregula、Methanosphaerula屬等,為采樣土壤中優(yōu)勢菌屬。該地酸水庫的AMD經(jīng)過沉淀預(yù)處理后排入濕地系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行處理,水環(huán)境中的pH由5.18逐漸上升至7.41,穩(wěn)定在中性;COD、硫酸鹽、硫化物、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Ca和Mg的去除率分別為:63.6%、59.3%、59.8%、100%、61.8%、92.0%、48.6%、56.4%和60.6%。去除的金屬離子主要以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)形式存在于濕地沉積物中,并且金屬的三種生物可利用形態(tài)含量在逐漸降低,對環(huán)境的潛在危害較小;濕地中存在有大量的硫酸鹽還原菌、鐵還原菌、產(chǎn)甲烷菌等,它們作為C、N、S、Fe元素循環(huán)的紐帶,將有機(jī)物礦化、反硝化、甲烷產(chǎn)生、重金屬固定等環(huán)境過程緊密相連,其中,Latescibacteria、Bacillus、Optitutus等可以分解有機(jī)質(zhì)的細(xì)菌占總菌群的21.0%以上;Geobacter、Azotobacter、Nitrosopumilus等參與氮素循環(huán)的細(xì)菌占總菌群的32.2%~33.8%;參與硫元素代謝的Desulfobacca、Desulfarculus等和參與鐵、錳循環(huán)的Sideroxydans、Thiobacillus菌屬等分別占總菌群的24.0%~25.8%、21.1%~27.1%。
[Abstract]:Acid mine wastewater (AMD) is a special acid wastewater produced in the process of mining and utilization. It contains a lot of heavy metal ions and sulfate. Arbitrary discharge will lead to the destruction of the ecological system around the mining area, and the environmental problems caused by it can not be ignored. In this paper, AMD contaminated soil and wetland treated with AMD in a mining area of Ma'anshan were taken as the research objects. The physicochemical characteristics and microbial community structure of collected samples were analyzed to evaluate the soil pollution in the area. The effect of wetland system on AMD treatment was investigated. The results showed that the soil around the reservoir was seriously polluted by Fe, mn, CD and sulphate, and the loss of nutrients such as organic matter and total nitrogen was serious. The AMD pollution degree of soil samples decreased with the increase of the distance from the acid reservoir. The soil pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen content also increased gradually, the species of soil microorganisms increased gradually, and the diversity index also increased. The bacteria such as Lactococcus with hydrolytic acid production accounted for more than 55.0% of the total bacterial flora, and Desulfuromonas Desulfobulbus, which were involved in sulfur metabolism, accounted for more than 24.0% of the total flora. Nitrosophaera Nitrosopumilus and Methanoregula Methanosphaerula, which are involved in nitrogen cycling, are the dominant bacteria in the sampling soil. The AMD of the acid reservoir in this area is discharged into the wetland system after precipitation pretreatment. The pH value in the water environment gradually increased from 5.18 to 7.41, and stabilized at neutral COD, sulfate, sulfides, Fehmann, and ZnCoC Ca and mg removal rates were 63.62.00%, 59.82.02%, 48.66.4% and 60.6%, respectively. The metal ions removed were mainly in the form of residue in wetland sediments. The contents of available forms of three species of metals are decreasing gradually, and the potential harm to the environment is relatively small. There are a lot of sulfate reducing bacteria, iron reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the wetland. Organic matter mineralization, denitrification, methane production, heavy metal fixation and other environmental processes are closely linked, Among them, the bacteria that can decompose organic matter such as Latescibacter Bacillus Optitutus and so on account for more than 21.0% of the total flora. The bacteria such as Azotobacter nitrosopumilus and so on, which participate in the nitrogen cycle, account for 32.2% of the total flora; Desulfacca Desulfarculus and iron, which are involved in sulfur metabolism; and SideroxydansThiobacillus, which are involved in manganese cycle, account for 24.025.8% of the total flora, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X751;X53

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