本文關(guān)鍵詞： 尾礦 重金屬 固化遷移 建材產(chǎn)品 硅酸鹽　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)現(xiàn)在具有的尾礦處理方法有尾礦再選、尾礦生產(chǎn)建筑材料、尾礦用于制作肥料、充填礦山采空區(qū)等方式,其中利用尾礦固體廢物制備建材產(chǎn)品,不僅可以大幅減少天然非金屬礦物資源的開(kāi)采,而且有利于節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)的保護(hù)。本文采用了部分承德地區(qū)的尾礦樣品,用于制作建材產(chǎn)品,并檢測(cè)產(chǎn)品中的重金屬的浸出毒性,包括蒸養(yǎng)磚、混凝土、加氣混凝土三種產(chǎn)品。本次采樣范圍涉及承德市6個(gè)縣區(qū)共14個(gè)尾礦庫(kù),采樣點(diǎn)共22個(gè),按布點(diǎn)及不同深度采集樣品數(shù)共計(jì)85個(gè)。因樣品量大,工作開(kāi)展有一定的時(shí)間限制,故使用X射線(xiàn)熒光光譜儀對(duì)尾礦樣品進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分分析,并根據(jù)化學(xué)測(cè)試結(jié)果經(jīng)SPSS軟件分析,最終確定七種樣品進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)�；瘜W(xué)成分顯示,尾礦中SiO_2、CaO、A1的含量較高,符合制備建筑產(chǎn)品時(shí)對(duì)原料成分及含量的要求。經(jīng)粒徑測(cè)試,發(fā)現(xiàn)尾礦樣品的細(xì)度模數(shù)平均值均小于1.5,符合制作建材產(chǎn)品的粒徑要求。使用微波全消解的方法檢測(cè)尾礦樣品中重金屬的總含量,發(fā)現(xiàn)重金屬含量最高的為錳,E1和G3兩個(gè)樣品的錳元素已經(jīng)超過(guò)了2000 mg/kg,屬于超高濃度。其次T樣品為銅礦所以銅元素也較高,超過(guò)了 1000mg/kg。為深入研究產(chǎn)品及尾礦的生物有效性,選取了歐共體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)局(BCR)法進(jìn)行重金屬毒性浸出實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示尾礦樣品在酸交換態(tài)時(shí)的浸出比例較大,在有機(jī)態(tài)、Fe-Mn氧化態(tài)時(shí)浸出比例相對(duì)較高,在殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)時(shí)的浸出比例較小。而通過(guò)尾礦制備的建材產(chǎn)品的浸出實(shí)驗(yàn),表明重金屬在殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)時(shí)的浸出比例增加,在酸交換態(tài)時(shí)的浸出比例減小,說(shuō)明尾礦制備建材產(chǎn)品后,尾礦中的有害重金屬被較好的固化在所制備的建材產(chǎn)品中。通過(guò)XRD及SEM測(cè)試,尾礦制備成產(chǎn)品后,蒸養(yǎng)磚和加氣混凝土中生成了水化C-S-H凝膠及托貝莫來(lái)石、方解石等礦物,這些水化硅酸鹽物質(zhì)能有效的將重金屬固化在晶體內(nèi)部。因尾礦的原礦物的不同及蒸壓養(yǎng)護(hù)條件的不同,各產(chǎn)品內(nèi)部的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)存在著差異,對(duì)重金屬的固化效果不同。本論文的研究成果為承德地區(qū)的尾礦制備建筑產(chǎn)品提供了理論依據(jù),不僅能夠減少該地區(qū)的建材制造行業(yè)的原料成本,還能夠解決該地區(qū)尾礦污染問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The methods of tailings treatment in our country include tailings reprocessing, tailings producing construction materials, tailings used for making fertilizers, filling mine goaf, etc. Among them, solid waste tailings are used to prepare building materials. Not only the exploitation of natural non-metallic mineral resources can be greatly reduced, but also energy saving and emission reduction and ecological protection can be benefited. In this paper, some tailings samples from Chengde area are used to produce building materials. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals in the products was detected, including steaming bricks, concrete and aerated concrete. The sampling range involved 14 tailings reservoirs in 6 counties and districts of Chengde city, and the sampling sites were 22. A total of 85 samples were collected according to the distribution points and different depths. Due to the large amount of samples and the limited time for the work to be carried out, the chemical composition of the tailings samples was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. According to the analysis of chemical test results by SPSS software, seven kinds of samples were finally determined to carry out follow-up experiments. The chemical composition showed that the content of SiO2Caco _ 1 _ 1 in tailings was high, which met the requirements of raw material composition and content in the preparation of building products. It is found that the average fineness modulus of tailings is less than 1.5, which accords with the particle size requirement of building materials. The total content of heavy metals in tailings samples is determined by microwave digestion. It has been found that the manganese elements in the two samples of MNO _ 1, E _ 1 and G _ 3 have exceeded 2000 mg / kg, belonging to ultra-high concentration. The second T sample is copper mine, so the copper element is also higher than 1000 mg / kg. In order to further study the bioavailability of the products and tailings, The toxicity leaching experiments of heavy metals were carried out by the EEC Standard material (BCR) method. The results showed that the leaching ratio of tailings samples in acid exchange state was higher than that in organic Fe mn oxidized state. The leaching experiment of building materials prepared by tailings shows that the leaching ratio of heavy metals in the residue state increases, and the leaching ratio decreases in the acid exchange state, which indicates that after tailings are used to prepare building materials products, the leaching ratio of heavy metals in the residual state is higher than that in the acid exchange state. The harmful heavy metals in the tailings were well solidified in the building materials. After the tailings were prepared into products by XRD and SEM, hydrated C-S-H gels, toberamurite, calcite and other minerals were formed in steam curing bricks and aerated concrete. These hydrated silicate materials can effectively solidify heavy metals in the crystal. Due to the different raw minerals of tailings and the different curing conditions of autoclaved, the crystal structure of each product is different. The solidification effect of heavy metals is different. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for tailings to prepare building products in Chengde area, which can not only reduce the raw material cost of building materials manufacturing industry in this area. It can also solve the pollution problem of tailings in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD926.4

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