本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中國鹽湖研究進(jìn)展 鹽湖沉積與古氣候 成鹽理論 鹽類資源的開發(fā)與利用 鹽湖農(nóng)業(yè) 鹽類深綠科技與產(chǎn)業(yè)　出處：《地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào)》2016年09期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：我國擁有得天獨(dú)厚的鹽湖資源,分布于北半球鹽湖帶歐亞鹽湖亞帶東部,主要分布在現(xiàn)代降水量500mm/a的范圍內(nèi)。本文對中國鹽湖科學(xué)技術(shù)60年來取得的若干進(jìn)展進(jìn)行初步梳理。1.在鹽湖沉積與古氣候、古環(huán)境研究方面:提出了各種鹽類礦物的古氣候轉(zhuǎn)換指標(biāo)。柴達(dá)木西部-塔里木東部氯化物型-硫酸鹽型沉積區(qū)為我國第四紀(jì)以來干旱成鹽中心,歷經(jīng)了6次以上的向外干旱(成鹽)擴(kuò)張期;提出青藏高原第四紀(jì)晚期存在5次泛湖高湖面;2.在鹽湖成礦與成鹽成鉀理論研究方面:首編青藏高原湖泊水化學(xué)分帶圖(1/250萬),揭示了青藏高原鹽湖水化學(xué)類型由南往北、由碳酸鹽-氯化物型分布規(guī)律及其相應(yīng)成鹽成礦專屬性;發(fā)現(xiàn)幾個(gè)大型陸相鉀鹽礦床,提出了高山深盆成鹽模式、鏈?zhǔn)蕉嗉壷袦\鹽湖成礦模式、多級湖盆深盆成鹽模式、砂礫型含鉀鹵水成礦模式以及"隔代承襲成鉀"等新認(rèn)識,建立和發(fā)展了"陸相成鉀"理論認(rèn)識;發(fā)現(xiàn)青海大柴旦湖鈉硼解石-柱硼鎂石礦床、西藏扎倉茶卡柱硼鎂石-庫水硼鎂石礦床、聶爾錯(cuò)庫水硼鎂石礦床等新類型鎂硼酸鹽(鋰)礦床,進(jìn)而提出冷凍稀釋成硼理論新認(rèn)識。3.自主研發(fā)出的"反浮選冷結(jié)晶工藝"生產(chǎn)氯化鉀自控系統(tǒng),使察爾汗鹽湖鉀鹽達(dá)到300萬噸/年KCl產(chǎn)量,形成了名牌鉀肥產(chǎn)品。成功研發(fā)了羅布泊120萬噸/年硫酸鉀成套技術(shù),建成世界最大的硫酸鉀生產(chǎn)裝置,2015年產(chǎn)量達(dá)160萬噸,以上為我國鉀肥生產(chǎn)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。在自主研發(fā)的"冬儲鹵-冷凍-日曬-分離-鹽梯度太陽池積熱沉鋰"創(chuàng)新技術(shù)支撐下,在西藏高原海拔4421米的扎布耶鹽湖建成了世界海拔最高的鋰鹽產(chǎn)業(yè),也是我國首條年產(chǎn)5000噸碳酸鋰的鹽湖提鋰基地。4.根據(jù)鹽水域發(fā)育大面積杜氏藻等嗜鹽菌藻、鹽沼帶和鹽堿地繁衍多種鹽生植物的鹽境生態(tài)特點(diǎn),提出"鹽湖農(nóng)業(yè)"("鹽土農(nóng)業(yè)")農(nóng)業(yè)新概念,發(fā)展鹽境綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)提供新的理念和技術(shù)支持。最后,為今后鹽類科學(xué)發(fā)展方向,提出了深綠科技與產(chǎn)業(yè)研發(fā)方向,隨著鹽類科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,將會促進(jìn)新的邊緣交叉學(xué)科鹽類學(xué)(Salinology)的發(fā)展和日臻完善。
[Abstract]:China has unique salt lake resources, which are distributed in the eastern part of the Eurasian salt lake subzone in the salt lake belt of the Northern Hemisphere. It is mainly distributed in the range of 500mm / a of modern precipitation. In this paper, some advances made in China's salt lake science and technology over the past 60 years have been preliminarily combed. 1. In salt lake deposition and paleoclimate, Paleoenvironmental study: the paleoclimate conversion index of various salt minerals has been put forward. The chlorine-sulfate type sedimentary area in the west of Qaidam and eastern Tarim is the center of arid salt formation in China since the Quaternary. After more than 6 times of outward drought (salt-forming) expansion period; It is put forward that there are 5 times of panlake high lake in the late Quaternary of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. In the theoretical study of salt lake mineralization and salt and potassium formation, the first diagram of hydrochemical zonation of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau lake is 1 / 2.5 million, which reveals the hydrochemical type of salt lake in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from south to north. Based on the distribution law of carbonate chloride type and its corresponding salt and metallogenic specificity, several large continental potash deposits are found, and the salt-forming model of alpine deep basin, chain multistage medium and shallow salt lake metallogenic model and multistage deep basin salt forming model are proposed. A new understanding such as the metallogenic model of gravel-bearing potash brine and the new understanding of "successive generation of potassium forming" have been established and developed, and the theoretical understanding of "continental complementary potassium" has been established and developed, and it has been found that the Dachaidanhu sodium borolytic boronite-columneborite deposit in Qinghai Province, New types of magnesium-borate (lithium) deposits, such as the Zachang Chakapu boromite deposit, the Kushui borite deposit, the Nierco Kushui boromite deposit, and the other new types of magnesia-borate (lithium) deposits in Tibet, Further, a new knowledge of freeze-dilution boron formation theory was put forward. 3. The "reverse flotation cold crystallization process" was developed to produce automatic control system of potassium chloride. The production of potassium salt in Chaerhan Salt Lake reached 3 million tons / a KCl output. A famous potash fertilizer product was formed. A complete set of potassium sulfate technology was successfully developed for Loppo 1.2 million tons / year, and the world's largest potassium sulphate production plant was built to produce 1.6 million tons of potassium sulfate in 2015. This has made a great contribution to the production of potash fertilizer in China. Supported by the innovative technology of "Winter Halogen Storage, Refrigeration, sunburn, Separation-Salt gradient Solar Pool accumulated Heat settling Lithium", The Zabuye Salt Lake, which is 4,421 meters above sea level on the Tibetan Plateau, has established the world's highest lithium salt industry, and is also the first salt lake Lithium extraction base in China with an annual output of 5,000 tons of lithium carbonate. According to the development of large areas of Dunaliella and other halophilic bacteria in salt waters, This paper puts forward a new concept of "salt lake agriculture" ("salt soil agriculture") and provides new idea and technical support for the development of green industry of salt boundary. Finally, it provides a direction for the future development of salt science. With the development of salt science and technology, it will promote the development and improvement of Salinology, a new borderline interdisciplinary subject.
【作者單位】： 中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院鹽湖與熱水資源研究發(fā)展中心;國土資源部鹽湖資源與環(huán)境重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金-青海聯(lián)合重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目基金(編號:U1407207) 專項(xiàng)基金(編號:21422036) 中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局地質(zhì)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目“西部地區(qū)鉀鹽礦產(chǎn)遠(yuǎn)景調(diào)查評價(jià)”(編號:DD20160054)聯(lián)合資助的成果
【分類號】：TS352;P619.211

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