本文關(guān)鍵詞： 山區(qū)地形 建筑物 坡度 采空區(qū)位置 移動角 保護(hù)煤柱　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：煤炭資源的大規(guī)模開采促進(jìn)了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活的改善，但隨之而來的開采沉陷問題對礦區(qū)建（構(gòu)）筑物和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞，影響到礦區(qū)人民的正常生活。因而開采沉陷一直是一個備受人們關(guān)注的問題。 我國大約有三分之一以上的煤礦位于山區(qū)，山區(qū)地表移動變形特征受地形因素的影響，與平地有明顯區(qū)別。如果將現(xiàn)有的平地開采沉陷理論完全應(yīng)用到山區(qū)必然會產(chǎn)生較大誤差，從而極可能使得礦區(qū)內(nèi)地表建筑物規(guī)劃和井下保護(hù)煤柱留設(shè)不合理，造成地表建筑物在不同程度上的破壞。因此研究山區(qū)地表移動變形規(guī)律及保護(hù)煤柱留設(shè)對山區(qū)地表建筑物的保護(hù)有重要意義。 本文從理論分析和實(shí)測研究兩方面著手，分析了地形引起的滑移附加變形對采動建筑物的影響。同時，以山西某礦地質(zhì)條件為基礎(chǔ)，通過Midas GTS數(shù)值模擬軟件建立了不同坡度及不同開采位置相互組合條件下的山區(qū)開采沉陷模型，對不同坡度影響下的地表移動變形特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析研究。在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了移動角與地表坡度的一元線性回歸模型，為山區(qū)地面建筑物保護(hù)煤柱設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的合理選擇提供了參考，并通過山西某礦保護(hù)煤柱留設(shè)實(shí)例，驗(yàn)證了坡度影響下的移動角計(jì)算公式的可靠性。論文主要研究成果如下： 1.建筑物位于山谷位置或變坡點(diǎn)時，采動滑移引起的變形較為嚴(yán)重，建筑物極易受到破壞；建筑物位于山頂時，采動滑移引起的變形較小，建筑物較為安全。 2.地表坡度是影響山區(qū)地表移動變形的重要因素。地表坡度越大，采動滑移對地表移動變形的影響越大，變化趨勢越明顯。 3.山區(qū)地表移動與變形分布曲線不再具有對稱性；五種移動變形曲線中，地形對下沉分布曲線形態(tài)的影響最��；與豎直方向相比，水平方向的移動變形對地形的變化更為敏感。 4.山區(qū)地表移動變形規(guī)律與采空區(qū)和坡體的相對位置有關(guān)。采空區(qū)位于山腳時，采動滑移主要影響下坡部位；采空區(qū)位于坡體正下方時，采動滑移對下坡部位地表移動的影響比上坡部位更明顯；采空區(qū)位于坡頂正下方時，采動滑移主要影響上坡部位。 5.地表發(fā)生連續(xù)的移動變形時，移動角與地表坡度之間存在顯著線性關(guān)系。傾斜方向與下沉盆地方向相同時，移動角隨地表坡度增加線性遞減，，下沉盆地移動邊界向外偏移；斜坡傾斜方向與下沉盆地方向相反時，移動角隨地表坡度增加線性遞增，下沉盆地移動邊界向內(nèi)偏移。
[Abstract]:The large-scale exploitation of coal resources to promote the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's life, but the attendant problems of mining subsidence in mining area is built (structure) of buildings and ecological environment caused serious damage, affect the normal life of people in the mining area. Thus the mining subsidence has been a major concern of the people.
There are about more than 1/3 of the coal mine is located in the mountainous areas of our country, the mountain of surface movement and deformation characteristics affected by topography, has the obvious difference with the ground. If the existing ground theory of mining subsidence completely applied to the mountain would have a larger error, which may make the mining area planning and building the surface underground protective coal pillar is not reasonable and the surface caused by the destruction of buildings in different degree. Therefore the study of mountain surface movement and deformation of coal pillar for protection and protection of mountain surface buildings have important significance.
This article from the two aspects of the theoretical analysis and experimental research to analysis the slip caused by Terrain Deformation on the additional mining effect of the building. At the same time, the geological conditions of a mine in Shanxi as the basis, through the Midas GTS numerical simulation software to establish the different slopes and different position under the condition of combined mining mountainous mining subsidence model, surface movement and deformation the characteristics of different slope under the influence is studied. System analysis is established based on the linear movement angle and surface slope of the regression model, which provides a reference for the reasonable selection of mountain ground building protection design parameters of coal pillar, and through a Shanxi mine protection coal pillar design examples to verify the reliability of mobile slope effect the formula for calculating the angle. The main achievements are as follows:
1., when the building is located at the valley location or change point, the deformation caused by mining slide is more serious, and the building is easily damaged. When the building is located at the top of the mountain, the deformation caused by mining slide is smaller, and the building is safer.
2., surface slope is an important factor that influences surface movement and deformation in mountainous area. The greater the surface slope is, the greater the impact of mining slip on surface movement and deformation is, the more obvious the trend of change is.
3., the distribution curve of surface movement and deformation in mountain area is no longer symmetrical. In the five mobile deformation curves, topography has the least influence on the shape of subsidence distribution curve. Compared with vertical direction, the horizontal movement and deformation are more sensitive to the change of terrain.
4. mountain ground deformation and the relative position of the goaf and the slope. The goaf lies at the foot of the mountain, the main effect of downhill mining sliding parts; goaf is located just below the slope, the influence of mining surface movement slip on the downhill position is more obvious than the uphill parts; mined out area at the top of slope below, the main effect of the mining area. The slip uphill
5. consecutive surface movement and deformation, a significant linear relationship between the surface slope angle and the tilt direction. With the sinking basin to the same angle with the moving surface slope increased linearly, the sinking basin outward moving boundary migration; in the opposite direction and the inclined angle of the mobile sink basin, the surface slope of linear increase increase mobile sink basin border inward offset.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD325

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