本文關(guān)鍵詞： 活斷層 超淺層地震 高分辨率 有效覆蓋次數(shù)　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：延慶盆地是北京市西北約60km處的一個(gè)小型的新生代斷陷山間盆地。自第三紀(jì)以來研究區(qū)強(qiáng)烈下沉,形成了巨厚的第四系沉積,盆地新構(gòu)造差異活動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈,發(fā)育多組活斷層。活斷層與地震和地質(zhì)災(zāi)害緊密相關(guān),活斷層的超淺層精確定位對(duì)節(jié)約土地資源和首都圈的抗震減災(zāi)都具有重要意義。淺層地震勘探能有效解決城市近地表活動(dòng)隱伏的活斷層,能準(zhǔn)確確定切割地層層位的位置。受到巨厚第四系覆蓋,數(shù)據(jù)采集和處理的因素影響,超淺層地震數(shù)據(jù)處理存在以下問題:(1)受到炮源強(qiáng)噪音和隨機(jī)噪音影響,超淺層地震數(shù)據(jù)近偏移距有效道數(shù)較少;(2)各向異性問題使基于雙曲時(shí)距曲線的動(dòng)校公式不適用,損失了遠(yuǎn)偏移距數(shù)據(jù),導(dǎo)致超淺層有效覆蓋次數(shù)低的問題;(3)由于研究區(qū)超淺層有效波出現(xiàn)在65Hz以上的高頻端,主頻在100-150Hz,中深層有效波在100Hz以上不具備足夠高的信噪比,依靠深層有效波進(jìn)行的剩余靜校正無法準(zhǔn)確求取超淺層有效波高頻靜校正量的問題;(4)超淺層的CMP道集有效道較少,會(huì)引起速度分析的不準(zhǔn)確。本課題針對(duì)上述問題,主要研究以下內(nèi)容:(1)應(yīng)用LFAF去噪、疊前RNA隨機(jī)噪音壓制等方法實(shí)現(xiàn)超淺層地震數(shù)據(jù)的信噪分離,提高超淺層近偏移距的有效地震道數(shù);(2)基于VTI介質(zhì)的非雙曲時(shí)距曲線動(dòng)校方法對(duì)遠(yuǎn)偏移距數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行有效校平,提高超淺層地震數(shù)據(jù)的有效覆蓋次數(shù);(3)應(yīng)用高精度相干疊加方法,解決超淺層高頻靜校正量求取難的問題;(4)聯(lián)合多個(gè)CMP道集組成超級(jí)道集做速度分析,提高超淺層速度分析的精度。本課題應(yīng)用地震數(shù)據(jù)處理中的各向異性速度分析、高精度相干疊加、超級(jí)道集速度分析等方法處理超淺層地震數(shù)據(jù),主要解決了以下幾點(diǎn):(1)通過針對(duì)性的超淺層信噪分離和基于VTI介質(zhì)的非雙曲時(shí)距曲線動(dòng)校方法將0-50ms的有效覆蓋次數(shù)從2-4次提高到了 5-10次;(2)應(yīng)用超級(jí)道集的速度分析改善了速度譜的質(zhì)量,提高了速度分析的精度;(3)應(yīng)用相干高精度疊加方法,解決了高頻靜校正量求取難的問題,使疊前CMP道集中的高頻有效波同相軸更平直,能夠同相疊加。除此之外,在保證超淺層地震數(shù)據(jù)高信噪比的同時(shí),使用了反Q濾波配合脈沖反褶積、譜均衡、譜模擬反褶積等技術(shù)大幅度提升了其分辨率,最終獲得了 50ms以淺的高信噪比高分辨率地震剖面,為活斷層超淺層精確定位解釋提供了依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Yanqing Basin is a small Cenozoic faulted intermountain basin located about 60 km northwest of Beijing. The study area has sunk strongly since the Tertiary, forming a very thick Quaternary sedimentary system, and the neotectonic differential activity of the basin is strong. Multiple active faults are developed. Active faults are closely related to earthquakes and geological hazards. The accurate location of ultra-shallow layers of active faults is of great significance for saving land resources and earthquake disaster reduction in the capital circle. Shallow seismic exploration can effectively solve the active faults with hidden activities near the surface of the earth. It can accurately determine the position of the cutting strata. It is affected by the factors of extremely thick Quaternary system covering, data acquisition and processing, and the following problems exist in the ultra-shallow seismic data processing: 1) affected by the strong noise and random noise of the gun source. The anisotropy problem makes the dynamic correction formula based on hyperbolic time-distance curve inapplicable, and the far-offset data is lost. The problem of low effective coverage of the ultra-shallow layer is caused by the fact that the ultra-shallow effective wave in the study area appears at the high frequency end above 65Hz, the main frequency is 100-150 Hz, and the mid-deep effective wave does not have a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) above 100Hz. Residual static Correction based on Deep effective Wave can not accurately calculate the High Frequency static Correction quantity of Ultra-shallow effective Wave. (4) there are fewer effective tracks of CMP gather in ultra-shallow layer, which will lead to inaccuracy of velocity analysis. This paper mainly studies the following contents: (1) LFAF denoising and prestack RNA random noise suppression are used to realize the separation of signal and noise from ultra-shallow seismic data. The effective seismic trace number of increasing the near migration distance of the ultra-shallow layer is improved.) based on the non-hyperbolic time-distance curve dynamic calibration method of VTI medium, the remote offset data are effectively calibrated, and the effective coverage times of the seismic data in the ultra-shallow layer are increased by using the high-precision coherent stacking method. In order to improve the accuracy of velocity analysis in ultra-shallow layer, we use the anisotropic velocity analysis in seismic data processing. High precision coherent stacking, super gather velocity analysis and other methods to deal with ultra-shallow seismic data, This paper mainly solves the following points: 1) the effective coverage of 0-50ms is improved from 2-4 times to 5-10 times by means of targeted ultra-shallow signal-noise separation and non-hyperbolic time-distance curve dynamic calibration method based on VTI medium) the speed of supergathers is applied. The analysis improves the quality of the velocity spectrum, The accuracy of velocity analysis is improved by using coherent high precision stacking method, which solves the problem of high frequency static correction, and makes the high frequency effective wave of prestack CMP trace concentration more straight and can be stacked in the same phase. In order to ensure high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ultra-shallow seismic data, deconvolution, spectral equalization, spectral simulation deconvolution and other techniques such as anti-Q filter and pulse deconvolution are used to greatly improve the resolution of the seismic data. Finally, 50 Ms seismic profiles with shallow high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution are obtained, which provides the basis for accurate location and interpretation of ultra-shallow layers of active faults.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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