本文關鍵詞： 非結構網格 電阻率 三維正演 有限單元法 巷道超前探測 蒙特卡羅方法 三維反演 地形　出處：《中國科學技術大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：地表起伏地形在野外礦產資源勘察中不可避免,其對直流電法勘探影響巨大。我們通過在電阻率三維正演中采用非結構網格,能夠進行任意復雜地形和幾何模型的數值模擬。與結構化網格相比,非結構網格具有可局部加密的特點,只需要在重點觀測計算區(qū)域內添加有限數量的節(jié)點,即可充分發(fā)揮有限單元法的優(yōu)勢,在減少計算量的同時,大幅度提高求解精度。球體和無限大板體模型的電阻率三維非結構有限單元數值模擬結果表明,誤差均在0.9%以內。不同起伏地形模型的電阻率三維非結構有限單元數值模擬結果表明,地形影響巨大,甚至掩蓋地下真實異常體的響應�？焖�、精確的電阻率三維非結構有限單元數值模擬為其在巷道超前探測中的應用及帶地形電阻率三維反演奠定堅實基礎。直流電阻率法通過觀測單極-偶極裝置(三極裝置)視電阻率曲線最小值位置估計掌子面前方低阻異常體距離,在巷道超前探測及礦井水害預測與防治工作中有廣泛應用。由于地下巷道本身即是三維模型,必須應用電阻率三維數值模擬才能獲得地下復雜結構的全空間三維地電場的分布特征。我們基于電阻率三維非結構有限單元數值模擬,給出低阻異常體超前探測的線性預測模型。然而,實際井下地質結構復雜,異常大小不定且任意分布,而且可能存在有電阻率各向異性,使得目前由簡單模型實驗或數值模擬獲得的預測公式不確定性較大,而且可靠性難于評價。蒙特卡羅方法用隨機化思想解決非確定性問題,我們將該方法與并行算法結合,對大量不確定的隨機模型進行三維數值模擬,以驗證各預測模型的準確度及可靠性。結果表明,本文提出的超前探線性預測模型較其他預測模型更為準確、可靠。同時,模擬結果表明介質各向異性的影響很大,尤其當圍巖電阻率具有各向異性時,所有預測模型的準確度及可靠性較差,給安全生產帶來很大隱患。我們首次將并行蒙特卡羅方法應用于直流電阻率巷道超前探測研究,為巷道超前探測準確性和可靠性的定量化描述提供了新思路。現階段,面向實際應用的起伏地形下電阻率三維反演依然困難。考慮到應用GPS/GNSS定位技術時,區(qū)域地球物理調查中可非規(guī)則布設測網的實際特點,我們在基于非結構網格的電阻率三維正演數值模擬基礎上,首次實現了任意偶極-偶極觀測數據的電阻率、激發(fā)極化三維帶地形反演。任意偶極-偶極觀測方式有效實現大規(guī)模、隨機化、高密度的三維觀測數據采集,同時,非結構網格為地形建模采集地表高程數據及其靈活、高效的野外電阻率三維數據解釋創(chuàng)造了有利條件。理論模型合成數據的帶地形電阻率、激發(fā)極化三維反演結果表明,無論常規(guī)的中間梯度數據、還是任意偶極-偶極數據均取得良好反演效果,起伏地形下的不同異常體電性反映清晰、定位準確。通過不斷調整合成觀測數據中高斯噪聲大小,展示了本文的反演方法對不同質量觀測數據的反演效果,顯示了對噪聲的良好兼容性,是電阻率三維反演應用于實際勘探的關鍵。我們將本文的反演方法應用于甘肅某地的多金屬礦三維勘察,對實際觀測的電阻率三維數據進行反演解釋,給出了礦區(qū)的地下電性三維分布,其中一個低阻異常體與正在開采的金礦體吻合,其余三個低阻異常推斷為隱伏礦體,以待其它勘探手段查證。電阻率三維反演解釋成功應用于實際礦產資源勘探的結果國內、外尚不多見,是實際電法勘探三維反演解釋向前推進的重要一步。
[Abstract]:The surface topography in the field of mineral resources exploration is inevitable, the electrical prospecting has great impact. We passed in 3-D resistivity forward using unstructured grid, numerical simulation can be arbitrary complex terrain and geometric model. Compared with the structured meshes, unstructured grid has the characteristics of partial encryption, only need to calculate the node area in addition a limited number of observations in the key, can give full play to the advantages of the finite element method, to reduce the amount of computation at the same time, greatly improve the accuracy of solution. The sphere and the infinite plate model of the electrical resistivity of three-dimensional unstructured finite element numerical simulation results show that the errors are within 0.9%. The resistivity of three-dimensional unstructured finite element numerical different terrain model simulation results show that the terrain impact response and even obscure the real underground abnormal body. Fast, accurate resistivity Numerical simulation of three-dimensional unstructured finite element for its application in tunnel in advance in the detection of terrain and 3D resistivity inversion and lay a solid foundation. The DC resistivity observation by pole dipole device (transistor device) apparent resistivity curve minimum position estimation in front of the tunnel face low resistivity body distance in tunnel in advance are widely used in detection and prediction mine water disaster and prevention work. Because the underground roadway itself is a three-dimensional model must be applied to get 3D resistivity 3-D numerical simulation to the whole space of underground complex structure of electric field distribution. Our numerical simulation of 3-D resistivity structure based on linear non finite element, given the low resistance abnormal body advanced detection model. However, the actual underground the geological structure is complex, the abnormal size is uncertain and arbitrary distribution, but there may be a resistivity anisotropy, making the current by Jane Single model test or numerical simulation prediction formula for the uncertainty and reliability evaluation. The Monte Carlo method to solving the uncertain problems with random thoughts, we will combine with the method of parallel algorithm, a large number of uncertain stochastic model of three-dimensional numerical simulation, to verify the accuracy and reliability of the prediction model. The results show that in this paper, the advance on linear prediction model than other prediction model is more accurate and reliable. At the same time, the simulation results show that the influence of anisotropy, especially when the rock resistivity is anisotropic, accuracy and poor reliability of all forecasting models, bring great hidden trouble to the safe production. We will be the first application of parallel Monte Carlo method in the DC resistivity in advanced detection research, provides a quantitative detection for the roadway ahead of the accuracy and reliability of New ideas. At this stage, 3-D resistivity inversion topography and the practical application is still difficult. Considering the application of GPS/GNSS positioning technology, the actual characteristics of irregular measuring network layout can be the regional geophysical survey, we in resistivity based on unstructured grids of 3D numerical modeling based on first realized arbitrary dipole resistivity dipole induced polarization observation data, three-dimensional topography inversion. Arbitrary dipole dipole observation way of effective implementation of large-scale, randomized, 3-D high density data acquisition, at the same time, the unstructured grid for terrain modeling and data acquisition of surface elevation and flexible 3D field resistivity data interpretation, and create favorable conditions. The theoretical model of synthetic data the terrain with 3D resistivity, induced polarization inversion results show that both the conventional intermediate gradient data, or arbitrary dipole dipole number According to the good inversion effect, undulating terrain under different electric anomalies reflect clear, accurate positioning. By continuously adjusting the Gauss noise synthesis data size, showing the effect of the inversion inversion method for different quality observation data, showing good compatibility to the noise, the key is applied to 3-D resistivity inversion we will survey and exploration. The 3D multi metal mine inversion method in this paper was used to in Gansu, inversion interpretation of 3D resistivity data of actual observations, given the mine underground electric distribution in which a low resistivity body and gold mining is consistent, the remaining three low resistivity anomaly for for concealed orebodies, other exploration methods verified. 3D resistivity inversion applied to explain the results of domestic mineral resources exploration, is rare, is the actual power The three dimensional inversion of the method of exploration is an important step forward.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P631.322

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