發(fā)布時間：2018-01-21 11:37

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 煤層氣 水平井 水力噴射 噴射成孔 室內(nèi)研究　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：煤層氣作為一種優(yōu)質(zhì)、清潔的非常規(guī)天然氣資源,倍受國內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)注。國內(nèi)煤層氣資源豐富,煤層氣的高效開發(fā)利用在環(huán)境保護、能源保障和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等方面具有重要意義。由于煤層內(nèi)部割理發(fā)育,彈性模量較低,而泊松比較高,在水平井鉆完井的過程中應(yīng)力容易發(fā)生變化,導(dǎo)致煤層井壁失穩(wěn)坍塌；并且煤層氣井鉆成后應(yīng)力重新分布,近井環(huán)形區(qū)域內(nèi)應(yīng)力升高產(chǎn)生了壓實效應(yīng),從而造成異常高的破裂壓力；同時煤層氣井鉆進和固井過程中的液體及攜帶的煤屑、砂粒泥粒等滲入煤層,降低了近井環(huán)形區(qū)域的滲透率。水力噴射成孔工藝在煤層氣中是可行的。它可以在煤層中產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的孔道,能夠避免煤層坍塌；在煤層中各個方向噴出不同的孔,擴大了煤層解吸面積,提高了煤層氣產(chǎn)量；克服煤層氣井井周的應(yīng)力集中,清除壓實效應(yīng),增加煤層滲透率；施工工序簡單,能夠有效地降低煤層氣的開采成本�；诖�,本文在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運用巖石力學(xué)、流體力學(xué)、石油工程等多學(xué)科知識,在室內(nèi)采用沁水盆地樊莊區(qū)塊3#煤層的煤巖作為實驗試樣,通過物理實驗和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法對水力噴射成孔工藝進行了研究,得出以下主要成果和認(rèn)識：(1)物理實驗中孔成倒錐形,主要由圓形截面和V形垂面組成,而且孔內(nèi)壁十分光滑,也證明了反濺顆粒的磨蝕作用。(2)物理實驗中各參數(shù)對孔深的影響程度由大到小依次為泵壓、磨料濃度和噴嘴直徑；對孔徑的影響程度由大到小依次為噴嘴直徑、磨料濃度和泵壓。數(shù)值模擬得出的影響程度規(guī)律與其一致。(3)通過數(shù)值模擬和物理實驗結(jié)果的對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者數(shù)據(jù)有一定的差別,差值在±15%內(nèi)。物理實驗較真實,但重復(fù)性差,數(shù)值模擬可以多次重復(fù),適用于復(fù)雜的條件。(4)優(yōu)選出一組施工參數(shù)為泵壓35MPa,噴嘴直徑6mm,磨料濃度10%。
[Abstract]:As a kind of high quality and clean unconventional natural gas resources, coalbed methane (CBM) has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. In China, CBM is rich in resources, and the efficient exploitation and utilization of CBM is in environmental protection. Energy security and economic development are of great significance. Due to the development of internal cleats in coal seam, the modulus of elasticity is low, while Poisson is relatively high, and the stress is easy to change during the drilling and completion of horizontal wells. Leading to the collapse of coal seam wall instability; And the stress redistribution in the coalbed gas well after drilling, the increase of the stress in the annular area near the well has the compaction effect, resulting in the abnormal high fracture pressure. At the same time, the liquid and the coal dust carried in the drilling and cementing process of the coalbed methane well, sand and mud particles, etc., infiltrate into the coal seam. The hydraulic jet hole forming process is feasible in coalbed methane. It can produce stable holes in coal seam and avoid coal seam collapse. Different holes are ejected in each direction of coal seam, which expands the desorption area of coal seam and increases the production of coalbed methane. To overcome the stress concentration around the coalbed methane well, to eliminate the compaction effect and to increase the permeability of coal seam; The construction procedure is simple, which can effectively reduce the mining cost of CBM. Based on this, based on the previous studies, this paper synthetically applies multi-disciplinary knowledge such as rock mechanics, hydrodynamics, petroleum engineering and so on. In the laboratory, the coal and rock of coal seam in Fangzhuang block of Qinshui basin were used as experimental samples, and the hydraulic jet hole forming technology was studied by combining physical experiment with numerical simulation. The following main results and understandings are obtained: (1) in physical experiments, the holes are formed into inverted cones, which are mainly composed of circular sections and V-shaped vertical planes, and the inner wall of the holes is very smooth. It is also proved that the degree of influence of parameters on hole depth in physical experiment is pump pressure, abrasive concentration and nozzle diameter. The influence degree of the aperture from big to small is the nozzle diameter, abrasive concentration and pump pressure in turn. The law of influence obtained by numerical simulation is consistent with that obtained by numerical simulation and the results of physical experiments are compared with each other. It is found that there is a certain difference between the two data, the difference is within 鹵15%. The physical experiment is more real, but the repeatability is poor, and the numerical simulation can be repeated many times. A group of construction parameters are selected as pump pressure 35MPa, nozzle diameter 6mm, abrasive concentration 10mm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD842

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