【摘要】：隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,“黑匣子”技術(shù)不單單限于飛機(jī),已逐步在塔式起重機(jī)(簡稱塔機(jī))上得到應(yīng)用,通過對塔機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時、準(zhǔn)確地檢測、記錄和顯示,一方面有利于操作員及時掌握塔機(jī)運(yùn)行狀況,避免事故發(fā)生；另一方面有利于管理員或分析員對塔機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行回放分析。本文以塔機(jī)為研究對象,采用LabVIEW開發(fā)環(huán)境和數(shù)據(jù)采集卡設(shè)計了塔機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù)實(shí)時記錄與分析系統(tǒng)。 首先,通過對塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)及其工作特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行介紹與分析,確定了影響塔機(jī)安全的主要運(yùn)行參數(shù)。其次,針對不同的運(yùn)行參數(shù)設(shè)計了不同的檢測方案,在起重量檢測方面,選定軸銷式稱重傳感器對起重量進(jìn)行獲取,針對塔機(jī)稱重范圍廣、采集卡A/D存在單位轉(zhuǎn)換誤差等設(shè)計了信號分段調(diào)理電路,針對傳感器輸出信號被分段放大和傳輸中存在衰減等設(shè)計了信號還原及線性補(bǔ)償算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了起重量的高精度轉(zhuǎn)換,并完成了超載檢測和數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時存儲；在起升高度、小車幅度、回轉(zhuǎn)角度及運(yùn)行速度檢測方面,針對塔機(jī)三大機(jī)構(gòu)的工作及結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),選定光電編碼器對運(yùn)行速度等參數(shù)進(jìn)行獲取,通過對光電編碼器測角度及測速算法研究,結(jié)合DAQmx編程模塊,實(shí)現(xiàn)了各參數(shù)的實(shí)時檢測、超限報警和數(shù)據(jù)存儲；在起重力矩檢測方面,通過分析改進(jìn)后的弓形板力矩限制器工作原理,在函數(shù)型連接神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)上引進(jìn)BFGS及補(bǔ)償算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了起重力矩的高精度測量。最后,基于LabVIEW開發(fā)環(huán)境,對塔機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時檢測,并根據(jù)記錄的數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合實(shí)際應(yīng)用,構(gòu)建了集系統(tǒng)登錄、時間選定、參數(shù)選擇、數(shù)據(jù)分析和文本打印等于一體的塔機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù)分析系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了塔機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)回放,便于管理員或分析員進(jìn)行事故評定和工作匯報。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,塔機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù)實(shí)時記錄與分析系統(tǒng)檢測精度高、功能強(qiáng)、實(shí)時性、穩(wěn)定性及實(shí)用性好、人機(jī)交互界面友好。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer technology, electronic technology and sensor technology, "black box" technology is not limited to aircraft, but has been gradually applied in tower crane (abbreviated as tower crane). Through real-time, accurate detection, recording and display of tower crane operation parameters, on the one hand, it is helpful for operators to master the operation condition of tower crane in time and avoid accidents. On the other hand, it is helpful for the administrator or analyst to play back and analyze the running state of the tower crane. In this paper, the real-time recording and analysis system of tower crane operation parameters is designed by using LabVIEW development environment and data acquisition card. Firstly, through the introduction and analysis of the structure and working characteristics of the tower crane, the main operating parameters that affect the safety of the tower crane are determined. Secondly, different detection schemes are designed for different operation parameters. In the aspect of lifting detection, the pin weighing sensor is selected to obtain the lifting weight, the signal segmented conditioning circuit is designed for the wide weighing range of tower crane and the unit conversion error of acquisition card A 鈮，

本文編號：2503876