【摘要】：球磨機(jī)作為傳統(tǒng)的粉磨設(shè)備,廣泛應(yīng)用于礦業(yè)、建材、化工、冶金等工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。但近年來,伴隨全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),能源需求提升、生產(chǎn)成本提高等因素,礦山工業(yè)面臨著一系列新的技術(shù)問題,包括如何提高處理能力、降低生產(chǎn)費用。所以,高效大型礦山設(shè)備越來越受到現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的青睞,球磨機(jī)大型化日趨成為國內(nèi)外研究的熱點。 液體靜壓軸承作為球磨機(jī)的關(guān)鍵支承部件,處于重載、低速惡劣環(huán)境下,其承載能力和可靠性直接影響球磨機(jī)的作業(yè)效率、能耗及生產(chǎn)能力。近些年,很多學(xué)者將靜壓軸承的油腔結(jié)構(gòu)作為研究重點,用盡可能簡單的節(jié)流器和合理的油腔進(jìn)行搭配,獲得良好的動靜性能。國外對靜壓軸承油腔形狀和油膜剛度進(jìn)行了很多研究,國內(nèi)也有研究者通過數(shù)值計算方法,對球磨機(jī)液體靜壓軸承的流場速度及壓力分布進(jìn)行計算,得到了油膜的承載能力,并以此確定出合適的油腔結(jié)構(gòu)。 基于此,本文概述了球磨機(jī)上常用軸承的種類、特點、發(fā)展及適用場合。闡述定量供油和定壓供油方式下液體靜壓軸承的承載原理及各自優(yōu)點。借鑒單腔平面油膜的承載能力和剛度的推導(dǎo),分別針對毛細(xì)管節(jié)流式油膜、小孔節(jié)流式油膜以及定量供油式油膜的承載能力和油膜剛度進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)。以北方重工設(shè)計制造的MQY5585球磨機(jī)為例,應(yīng)用FLUENT研究探討油腔形狀、尺寸、位置與軸承承載能力、流量、油泵功耗的關(guān)系,并對應(yīng)用在MQY5585球磨機(jī)上的靜壓軸承進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計。 (1)建立了不同封油面積下的矩形油腔靜壓軸承油膜模型、三角形油腔靜壓軸承油膜模型、圓形油腔靜壓軸承油膜模型,證明了矩形油腔靜壓軸承的優(yōu)越性和實用性。 (2)在主軸摩擦功率一定的情況下,研究探討了油腔周向位置對軸承承載能力的影響,得出當(dāng)油腔偏離角為15°時,軸承承載能力最大。 (3)針對MQY5585球磨機(jī)現(xiàn)行靜壓軸承,研究探討了油腔寬度和包角與軸承承載能力、油泵功耗以及油泵流量的關(guān)系,選取最佳油腔寬度和包角,提出了兩個優(yōu)化方案,在保證了承載能力與原軸承基本一致的情況下,大大降低了油泵功耗,節(jié)約了生產(chǎn)成本。 (4)分析了軸承封油面積對承載能力的影響,提出當(dāng)封油面積與軸瓦面積比約為0.735時,軸承承載能力最大。 (5)分析了油腔比例系數(shù)對軸承承載能力的影響,提出當(dāng)油腔寬度與軸瓦寬度比為約為0.57；單個油腔包角與半個軸瓦包角比為0.47時,軸承的承載能力最大。
[Abstract]:As a traditional grinding equipment, ball mill is widely used in mining, building materials, chemical industry, metallurgy and other industrial fields. However, in recent years, with the global economic crisis, energy demand, production costs and other factors, the mining industry is facing a series of new technical problems, including how to improve processing capacity and reduce production costs. Therefore, the efficient large-scale mining equipment is more and more favored by modern enterprises, and the large-scale ball mill has become the focus of research at home and abroad. As the key supporting component of ball mill, hydrostatic bearing is in heavy load and low speed harsh environment, its bearing capacity and reliability directly affect the working efficiency, energy consumption and production capacity of ball mill. In recent years, many scholars focus on the oil cavity structure of hydrostatic bearings, and use the simple throttle and reasonable oil cavity as far as possible to obtain good dynamic and static performance. The shape of hydrostatic bearing cavity and the stiffness of oil film have been studied abroad. Some domestic researchers have also calculated the flow field velocity and pressure distribution of hydrostatic bearing of ball mill by numerical calculation method, and obtained the bearing capacity of oil film. Based on this, the suitable oil cavity structure is determined. Based on this, this paper summarizes the types, characteristics, development and application of bearings commonly used in ball mills. The bearing principle and advantages of hydrostatic bearings under quantitative oil supply and constant pressure oil supply are described. Based on the derivation of bearing capacity and stiffness of single cavity plane oil film, the bearing capacity and oil film stiffness of capillary throttle oil film, small orifice throttle oil film and quantitative oil supply oil film are deduced respectively. Taking the MQY5585 ball mill designed and manufactured by Northern heavy Industry as an example, the relationship between the shape, size and position of oil cavity and bearing capacity, flow rate and power consumption of oil pump is studied by FLUENT, and the static pressure bearing applied to MQY5585 ball mill is optimized. The main results are as follows: (1) the oil film model of rectangular oil cavity hydrostatic bearing, triangular oil cavity hydrostatic bearing oil film model and circular oil cavity hydrostatic bearing oil film model under different oil sealing areas are established, which proves the superiority and practicability of rectangular oil cavity hydrostatic bearing. (2) under the condition of certain friction power of the main shaft, the influence of the circumferential position of the oil cavity on the bearing capacity is studied and discussed, and it is concluded that when the deviation angle of the oil cavity is 15 擄, the bearing capacity is the largest. (3) aiming at the current hydrostatic bearing of MQY5585 ball mill, the relationship between oil cavity width and inclusion angle and bearing capacity, oil pump power consumption and oil pump flow rate is studied and discussed. The optimum oil cavity width and inclusion angle are selected, and two optimization schemes are put forward. Under the condition that the bearing capacity is basically consistent with the original bearing, the power consumption of the oil pump is greatly reduced and the production cost is saved. (4) the influence of bearing oil sealing area on bearing capacity is analyzed, and it is pointed out that when the ratio of oil sealing area to bearing area is about 0.735, the bearing capacity is the largest. (5) the influence of oil cavity proportion coefficient on bearing capacity is analyzed, and it is pointed out that when the ratio of oil cavity width to bearing width is about 0.57 and the ratio of single oil cavity angle to half bearing angle is 0.47, the bearing capacity is the largest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.36

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