【摘要】：蝶閥作為大型管道系統(tǒng)廣泛使用的一種控制設(shè)備,它的控制可靠性、安全性、制造和運(yùn)行成本、高壽命對于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)具有重要意義。傳統(tǒng)的蝶閥設(shè)計(jì)方法主要依據(jù)半經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式與工程設(shè)計(jì)手冊、圖表等,其中的各種經(jīng)驗(yàn)常數(shù)、修正系數(shù)都是通過大量實(shí)驗(yàn)獲取的,這往往需要大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),不僅投入高、周期長,而且加大了設(shè)計(jì)制造成本。本文旨在應(yīng)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)方法為蝶閥設(shè)計(jì)提供一種新的途徑,通過數(shù)值模擬不但可以獲得產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)所需的流動特性參數(shù),而且還可以掌握流場內(nèi)部的詳細(xì)情況,如壓強(qiáng)分布、流速分布、流動分離狀態(tài)、空化現(xiàn)象發(fā)生部位以及非穩(wěn)態(tài)過程中各參數(shù)的變化,同時(shí)使得應(yīng)用數(shù)值模擬的方法進(jìn)行蝶閥流阻系數(shù)計(jì)算和動水力矩計(jì)算成為可能,從而有效的指導(dǎo)蝶閥的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。 論文的主要內(nèi)容包括： (1)簡述了閥門研究的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展,蝶閥的發(fā)展概況、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域及其重要意義,介紹了蝶閥的基本特性,指出了當(dāng)前蝶閥的主要設(shè)計(jì)方法和存在的主要問題,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)出了本課題的研究背景、研究意義和研究方法,同時(shí)闡述了數(shù)值模擬相關(guān)理論。 (2)對蝶閥流動特性進(jìn)行三維數(shù)值模擬與分析,計(jì)算蝶閥的流量系數(shù)和水力轉(zhuǎn)矩系數(shù),通過與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較,驗(yàn)證所建計(jì)算模型進(jìn)行蝶閥流場數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算的適用性；分析蝶閥在多個開度下的流場結(jié)構(gòu),對各個開度下的壓強(qiáng)、流速和流線進(jìn)行分析。 (3)對蝶閥在特定工作環(huán)境下進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬與分析,計(jì)算蝶閥在多個開度下的流阻系數(shù)；計(jì)算蝶閥在多個開度下的動水力矩,并與理論計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較分析,得出最大動水力矩時(shí)蝶閥的開度范圍；比較常流量下和變流量下的蝶閥空化系數(shù),分析容易產(chǎn)生空化的原因,提出了避免空化的觀點(diǎn)。 (4)對蝶閥空化現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬與分析,結(jié)合工程實(shí)際,研究不同入口壓強(qiáng)和不同管道結(jié)構(gòu)對蝶閥空化流場的影響,進(jìn)而提出幾種減小空化的具體方法。 (5)對蝶閥流動特性進(jìn)行非穩(wěn)態(tài)數(shù)值模擬與分析,獲得蝶閥在不同啟閉時(shí)間內(nèi)的流量變化情況和閥盤所受阻力系數(shù)、升力系數(shù)、動水力矩系數(shù)的變化情況,同時(shí)分析蝶閥內(nèi)部流場分布狀態(tài),分析空化現(xiàn)象,得出對工程設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)行管理有益的結(jié)論和建議。
[Abstract]:Butterfly valve is widely used as a kind of control equipment in large-scale pipeline system. Its control reliability, safety, manufacturing and operation cost, and long life are of great significance to the national economy. Traditional butterfly valve design methods are mainly based on semi-empirical formulas, engineering design manuals, charts and so on, in which all kinds of empirical constants and correction factors are obtained through a large number of experiments, which often require a large number of experimental data, not only high input, The cycle is long and the cost of design and manufacture is increased. The aim of this paper is to provide a new way for butterfly valve design by using computational fluid dynamics method. Through numerical simulation, not only the flow characteristic parameters required for product design can be obtained, but also the details of the flow field, such as pressure distribution, can be obtained. The velocity distribution, the flow separation state, the location of cavitation and the variation of the parameters during the unsteady state make it possible to use the numerical simulation method to calculate the flow resistance coefficient and the dynamic water moment of the butterfly valve, and it is possible to use the numerical simulation method to calculate the flow resistance coefficient and the dynamic water moment. Thus effectively guide the butterfly valve optimization design. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the present situation and development of valve research, the general situation of butterfly valve development, the application field and its important significance are briefly introduced, and the basic characteristics of butterfly valve are introduced. The main design methods and existing problems of butterfly valve are pointed out, and then the research background, significance and research method of this subject are derived. At the same time, the related theory of numerical simulation is expounded. (2) carry on three-dimensional numerical simulation and analysis to the butterfly valve flow characteristic, calculate the flow coefficient and the hydraulic torque coefficient of the butterfly valve, through the comparison with the experiment data, verify the applicability of the calculation model for the butterfly valve flow field numerical simulation; The flow field structure of butterfly valve under multiple openings is analyzed, and the pressure, velocity and streamline of each opening are analyzed. (3) numerical simulation and analysis of butterfly valve under specific working conditions are carried out, and the flow resistance coefficient of butterfly valve under multiple opening conditions is calculated. The dynamic water moment of butterfly valve under multiple openings is calculated and compared with the theoretical results, and the opening range of butterfly valve is obtained when the maximum dynamic water moment is obtained. By comparing the cavitation coefficient of butterfly valve under constant flow rate and variable flow rate, the reasons for easy cavitation are analyzed, and the viewpoint of avoiding cavitation is put forward. (4) numerical simulation and analysis of butterfly valve cavitation are carried out. Combined with engineering practice, the influence of different inlet pressure and different pipeline structure on the cavitation flow field of butterfly valve is studied, and then several concrete methods to reduce cavitation are put forward. (5) the unsteady numerical simulation and analysis of the flow characteristics of butterfly valve are carried out, and the variation of flow rate of butterfly valve in different opening and closing time and the resistance coefficient, lift coefficient and dynamic water moment coefficient of valve disc are obtained. At the same time, the distribution of flow field in butterfly valve is analyzed, and the cavitation phenomenon is analyzed. Some useful conclusions and suggestions for engineering design and operation management are drawn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH134

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