【摘要】：橋式起重機是我國國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展必不可少的設(shè)備，其工作時承受機械動載荷，對結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生沖擊與振動。在其長期影響下會造成主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞破壞，同時，結(jié)構(gòu)的這種振動對工作人員與測量設(shè)備也是不利的。因此，對橋式起重機進行動態(tài)特性研究已成為該設(shè)計領(lǐng)域的研究重點。 本文以西安神力起重機廠生產(chǎn)的大跨度橋式起重機產(chǎn)品為研究對象，，基于起重機械動力學(xué)分析理論和有限元計算方法，以計算機輔助有限元（CAFEA）分析軟件ANSYS為平臺，實現(xiàn)了對橋式起重設(shè)備在最典型工況下箱形主梁的靜力學(xué)分析和模態(tài)分析，得到的分析數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)果對橋式起重機動態(tài)設(shè)計提供了一定的理論方法，論文的主要內(nèi)容包括： 1、運用經(jīng)典力學(xué)計算方法將橋式起重設(shè)備簡化為簡支梁結(jié)構(gòu)，對其進行結(jié)構(gòu)計算，以對典型工況下主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的強度與應(yīng)力進行校核，為后續(xù)的有限元分析提供比較可靠的參考和比較。 2、根據(jù)橋式起重設(shè)備主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的特點，對主梁結(jié)構(gòu)作適當(dāng)簡化，運用有限元分析軟件ANSYS建立能反映實際情況的有限元計算模型，確定行車主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的工況與載荷，對結(jié)構(gòu)進行靜力學(xué)分析，得到了靜態(tài)工況下的位移和應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律，并與理論計算結(jié)果進行對比，驗證其正確性。 3、在結(jié)構(gòu)靜力學(xué)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，對行車箱形主梁翼緣板結(jié)構(gòu)提出了改進方案，減少主梁材料14%左右，從而有效地減輕了主梁的自重，提高了經(jīng)濟效益。 4、對橋式起重設(shè)備主梁結(jié)構(gòu)進行模態(tài)分析，得到模型的前四階固有頻率、振型以及動剛度等動態(tài)特性；并討論了小車位置、起升載荷、小車質(zhì)量等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對橋式起重設(shè)備自振頻率的影響。 總之，本文對橋式起重設(shè)備的動靜態(tài)特性進行了分析，并提出了主梁結(jié)構(gòu)改進方案，其分析方法與結(jié)果不僅為橋式起重設(shè)備的安全運行提供了較可靠的理論依據(jù)，而且為橋式起重機主梁結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計提供了有意義的參考。
[Abstract]:Bridge crane is an indispensable equipment for the development of national economy in our country. When it works, it bears the mechanical dynamic load and produces shock and vibration to the structural system. Under the long-term influence, the fatigue failure of the main beam structure will be caused. At the same time, the vibration of the structure will also be disadvantageous to the staff and the measuring equipment. Therefore, the research on dynamic characteristics of overhead crane has become the research focus in this field. Based on the dynamic analysis theory of lifting machinery and the finite element calculation method, this paper takes the large span overhead crane products produced in Xi'an Shenli Crane Factory as the research object, and takes the computer-aided finite element (CAFEA) analysis software ANSYS as the platform, and makes the computer-aided finite element analysis software ANSYS as the platform. The statics analysis and modal analysis of the box girder under the most typical working conditions are realized. The obtained analysis data and results provide a certain theoretical method for the dynamic design of the bridge crane. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The bridge lifting equipment is simplified to simply supported beam structure by using the classical mechanical calculation method, and the structural calculation is carried out to check the strength and stress of the main beam structure under typical working conditions. It provides a reliable reference and comparison for the subsequent finite element analysis. 2According to the characteristics of the main beam structure of the bridge crane, the main beam structure is properly simplified, and the finite element calculation model which can reflect the actual situation is established by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS to determine the working condition and the load of the main beam structure of the driving vehicle. The static analysis of the structure is carried out, and the distribution of displacement and stress under static conditions is obtained, and the results are compared with the theoretical results to verify its correctness. 3. On the basis of statics analysis of the structure, an improved scheme is put forward to reduce the material of the main beam by about 14%, which can effectively reduce the weight of the main beam and increase the economic benefit. 4. The first four order natural frequency, mode shape and dynamic stiffness of the model are obtained by modal analysis of the main beam structure of bridge lifting equipment. The influence of the structure parameters such as the position of the car, the lifting load and the mass of the car on the natural frequency of the bridge lifting equipment is also discussed. In a word, the dynamic and static characteristics of bridge lifting equipment are analyzed, and the improvement scheme of main beam structure is put forward. The analytical methods and results not only provide a reliable theoretical basis for the safe operation of bridge lifting equipment, but also provide a reliable theoretical basis for the safe operation of bridge lifting equipment. It also provides a meaningful reference for the design of bridge crane girder structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH215

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊宇軍;ANSYS動力學(xué)仿真技術(shù)在航天計算機機箱結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用[J];電子機械工程;2003年05期

2 王飛朝;周克洪;王克軍;;基于有限元技術(shù)的模態(tài)分析在雷達結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用[J];電子機械工程;2006年01期

3 孫煥純,宋亞新,張典仁;變質(zhì)量、變阻尼、變剛度結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的動力響應(yīng)[J];計算結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)及其應(yīng)用;1996年02期

4 張曉燕,季林紅,王耀兵,侯悅民;微小衛(wèi)星整星模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)分析[J];機械設(shè)計與制造;2003年02期

5 張華俊,張學(xué)榮;轎車車身結(jié)構(gòu)動力修改技術(shù)應(yīng)用[J];機械設(shè)計與制造;2003年05期

6 張氫,孫國正,劉剛;門座起重機臂架系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性的有限元分析[J];武漢交通科技大學(xué)學(xué)報;1997年01期

7 謝峰,沈維蕾,周必成;風(fēng)力發(fā)電機機艙的靜、動態(tài)特性有限元分析[J];制造業(yè)自動化;2003年09期

8 高繼勇,王金諾,來新民;橋式起重機動態(tài)分析與優(yōu)化設(shè)計[J];機械設(shè)計;1994年06期

9 孫明堯,過玉卿;桁架式裝卸橋動態(tài)特性分析[J];起重運輸機械;2000年05期

10 程文明,王金諾;起重機的動態(tài)分析方法[J];起重運輸機械;2002年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 曾春;基于ANSYS的橋式起重機橋架結(jié)構(gòu)有限元動態(tài)分析研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2006年

2 宿艷彩;基于ANSYS軟件的橋架結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)化有限元分析[D];西南交通大學(xué);2006年

3 王家營;箱形梁橋式起重機靜動態(tài)分析與優(yōu)化[D];太原科技大學(xué);2007年

4 禹海燕;橋式起重機空腹式箱形主梁的有限元分析[D];太原科技大學(xué);2008年

本文編號：2458613