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兩軸平臺(tái)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)中MEMS陀螺誤差建模與分析

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-03-16 07:55
【摘要】:平臺(tái)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)能隔離運(yùn)動(dòng)載體對(duì)探測(cè)系統(tǒng)的擾動(dòng),實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)姿態(tài)和位置的變化,同時(shí)施加逆向力矩對(duì)外界干擾進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償,精確保持探測(cè)器動(dòng)態(tài)姿態(tài)基準(zhǔn)不變,并通過平臺(tái)上的光電探測(cè)器實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)定目標(biāo)的監(jiān)測(cè)或運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)的自動(dòng)跟蹤。陀螺儀是平臺(tái)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)中的核心敏感元件,其測(cè)量精度直接影響平臺(tái)的穩(wěn)定精度。MEMS陀螺具有重量輕、體積小、低價(jià)格、低功耗及高可靠性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事裝備和民用設(shè)施中。但由于MEMS陀螺加工材料在微米量級(jí)以及加工工藝水平等方面的制約,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外MEMS陀螺測(cè)量精度水平仍然較低,提高M(jìn)EMS陀螺的測(cè)量精度是促進(jìn)平臺(tái)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)小型化的關(guān)鍵。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)用于微小型光電吊艙兩軸平臺(tái)穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)中MEMS陀螺信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng),并在采集系統(tǒng)中加入了以數(shù)字電位器為核心的陀螺零位調(diào)整電路,,通過DSP實(shí)時(shí)控制數(shù)字電位器輸出,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)陀螺零位中心的調(diào)整。 環(huán)境溫度變化是影響MEMS陀螺測(cè)量精度的最主要因素之一。由于MEMS陀螺微型化尺寸和內(nèi)部構(gòu)造,其性能對(duì)環(huán)境溫度的變化十分靈敏。其中,溫度變化對(duì)陀螺零位輸出和標(biāo)度因數(shù)影響最大。因此,本文設(shè)計(jì)了獲取陀螺零位特性的全溫測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)與電源模擬陀螺零位變化時(shí)調(diào)整數(shù)字電位器的實(shí)驗(yàn),研究獲得陀螺零位補(bǔ)償模型,并通過對(duì)數(shù)字電位器的控制實(shí)現(xiàn)零位中心的調(diào)整。溫度補(bǔ)償實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,采用全溫測(cè)試以及數(shù)字電位器補(bǔ)償?shù)姆椒ǎ勇菰谌珳胤秶鷥?nèi)的零位穩(wěn)定精度得到較大的提高,具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。設(shè)計(jì)了陀螺在不同溫度下的轉(zhuǎn)速標(biāo)定實(shí)驗(yàn),采用了三種標(biāo)度因數(shù)擬合方法,通過擬合曲線殘差的對(duì)比,得出按轉(zhuǎn)速分段擬合方法殘差最小,效果最佳。 陀螺隨機(jī)漂移誤差也是陀螺測(cè)量誤差的主要來源之一。利用時(shí)間序列分析法對(duì)MEMS陀螺隨機(jī)漂移采樣數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行ARMA建模,通過最小AIC準(zhǔn)則確定AR(1)模型為最佳誤差模型;在該模型的基礎(chǔ)上,采用Kalman濾波方法對(duì)隨機(jī)漂移數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行濾波,對(duì)濾波前后陀螺隨機(jī)誤差進(jìn)行Allan方差分析。結(jié)果表明,Kalman濾波方法在陀螺隨機(jī)誤差濾波中有效、可行。
[Abstract]:The platform stability system can isolate the disturbance of the moving carrier to the detection system, monitor the change of attitude and position of the platform in real time, and at the same time apply the reverse torque to compensate the external disturbance, so as to keep the dynamic attitude reference of the detector exactly unchanged. And through the photoelectric detector on the platform to achieve target monitoring or automatic tracking of moving targets. Gyroscope is the core sensitive element in the platform stabilization system, and its measurement precision directly affects the stability precision of the platform. MEMS gyroscope has the advantages of light weight, small volume, low price, low power consumption and high reliability, etc. It is widely used in military equipment and civilian facilities. However, due to the limitation of MEMS gyroscope machining materials in micrometer order and processing level, the measurement accuracy of MEMS gyroscope is still low at home and abroad. Improving the measuring accuracy of MEMS gyroscope is the key to promote the miniaturization of platform stabilization system. In this paper, a MEMS gyroscope signal acquisition system is designed for the two-axis platform stabilization system of micro-miniature photoelectric pods, and a gyro zero adjustment circuit with digital potentiometer as the core is added to the acquisition system. The zero center of gyro is adjusted by real-time control of digital potentiometer output by DSP. The change of ambient temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the measurement accuracy of MEMS gyroscope. Due to the miniaturized size and internal structure of MEMS gyroscope, its performance is sensitive to the variation of ambient temperature. Among them, the temperature change has the greatest influence on the zero-position output and scale factor of gyro. Therefore, this paper designs the full-temperature test experiment to obtain the zero-position characteristic of gyro and the experiment of adjusting digital potentiometer when the zero-position change of gyro is simulated by the power supply, and obtains the zero-position compensation model of gyro. By controlling the digital potentiometer, the zero-bit center can be adjusted. The temperature compensation experiment shows that the zero-position stability precision of gyro in the whole temperature range is greatly improved by the method of full-temperature measurement and digital potentiometer compensation, which has a certain practical value. The rotating speed calibration experiment of gyro at different temperature is designed. Three kinds of scale factor fitting method are adopted. By comparing the residual error of fitting curve, it is concluded that the residual error of rotating speed segment fitting method is the least and the effect is the best. Gyro random drift error is also one of the main sources of gyro measurement error. The time series analysis method is used to model the random drift sampling data of MEMS gyroscope by ARMA. The AR (1) model is determined to be the best error model by the minimum AIC criterion. On the basis of this model, the random drift data is filtered by Kalman filtering method, and the random error of gyro is analyzed by Allan variance before and after filtering. The results show that the Kalman filtering method is effective and feasible in gyro random error filtering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:TN965;TH-39

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