【摘要】：變幅機(jī)構(gòu)是實(shí)現(xiàn)工程機(jī)械設(shè)備臂架幅度變化的工作機(jī)構(gòu),用來(lái)擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)品工作范圍,提高工作效率。臂架類(lèi)高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)常見(jiàn)為液壓油缸變幅,變幅形式普遍采用三鉸點(diǎn)變幅,為提高變幅機(jī)構(gòu)性能以適應(yīng)復(fù)雜作業(yè)工況,研究了一種典型的折疊臂變幅機(jī)構(gòu),該變幅機(jī)構(gòu)是一根液壓油缸與連桿相結(jié)合的多連桿變幅機(jī)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)形式新穎,在保證整機(jī)作業(yè)高度前提下,縮短了主臂長(zhǎng)度和變幅油缸行程,增大了作業(yè)幅度,改善了回轉(zhuǎn)支承受力,增強(qiáng)了整機(jī)后傾穩(wěn)定性,并提高了設(shè)備作業(yè)靈活性,廣泛應(yīng)用于臂架類(lèi)高空作業(yè)平臺(tái),但折疊臂變幅機(jī)構(gòu)鉸點(diǎn)數(shù)目多、布置難度大,機(jī)構(gòu)各鉸點(diǎn)受力計(jì)算和位置布置比傳統(tǒng)三鉸點(diǎn)變幅機(jī)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜,目前通常采用方案比選或參考類(lèi)似產(chǎn)品的方法進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),得到的方案無(wú)法保證達(dá)到既經(jīng)濟(jì)又安全的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。為此,本文提供了計(jì)算并優(yōu)化折疊臂變幅機(jī)構(gòu)受力的方法,為機(jī)構(gòu)鉸點(diǎn)布置與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了重要依據(jù),具有較大的工程應(yīng)用意義。 本論文以大連理工大學(xué)與湖南山河智能機(jī)械股份有限公司合作研發(fā)的SWHT系列自行式高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)實(shí)際項(xiàng)目為背景,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： (1)對(duì)折疊臂變幅機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行力學(xué)分析,推導(dǎo)靜力學(xué)平衡方程和變幅機(jī)構(gòu)各角度之間關(guān)系,求解靜力學(xué)平衡方程,得到變幅機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵部件和鉸點(diǎn)受力表達(dá)式； (2)借助MATLAB遺傳算法工具箱,建立以變幅油缸受力為目標(biāo)函數(shù)、以變幅機(jī)構(gòu)鉸點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)位置為設(shè)計(jì)變量的優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,對(duì)折疊臂變幅機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)； (3)將立柱、折臂、平衡拉桿和動(dòng)力拉桿作為柔性體,利用剛?cè)狁詈系慕７椒ń⒄郫B臂變幅機(jī)構(gòu)的ADAMS模型； (4)對(duì)變幅機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仿真分析,獲得其關(guān)鍵部件及鉸點(diǎn)受力曲線,與優(yōu)化后計(jì)算結(jié)果作比較,驗(yàn)證力學(xué)模型和優(yōu)化結(jié)果正確性,同時(shí)提取關(guān)鍵部件應(yīng)力和位移曲線,并對(duì)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證優(yōu)化結(jié)果工程實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:The amplitude-changing mechanism is a working mechanism to realize the amplitude change of the jib of construction machinery and equipment, which is used to enlarge the working range of the product and improve the working efficiency. In order to improve the performance of the amplitude-changing mechanism, a typical folding arm amplitude-changing mechanism is studied in order to improve the performance of the amplitude-changing mechanism to adapt to the complicated working conditions, in order to improve the performance of the amplitude-changing mechanism, a typical folding arm amplitude-changing mechanism is studied in order to improve the performance of the amplitude-changing mechanism. The amplitude changing mechanism is a multi-connecting rod amplitude changing mechanism combined with hydraulic cylinder and connecting rod, and its structure is novel. Under the premise of ensuring the working height of the whole machine, the length of the main arm and the stroke of the variable amplitude cylinder are shortened, and the operating amplitude is increased. It improves the bearing capacity of rotation, enhances the stability of backtilt of the whole machine, and improves the flexibility of equipment operation. It is widely used in the high altitude working platform of arm frame. However, the folding arm swing mechanism has many hinge points and is difficult to be arranged. The mechanical calculation and position arrangement of each hinge point of the mechanism is more complicated than that of the traditional three-hinge-point amplitude-changing mechanism. At present, the method of selecting or referring to similar products is usually used in the design of the mechanism. The obtained scheme can not guarantee the economic and safe design goal. In this paper, the method of calculating and optimizing the force of the folding arm variable amplitude mechanism is provided, which provides an important basis for the layout of hinge points and the structural design of the mechanism, and has great significance in engineering application. This thesis is based on the actual project of SWHT series self-propelled aerial operation platform developed by Dalian University of Technology and Hunan Shanghe Intelligent Machinery Co., Ltd. The main contents are as follows: (1) the mechanical analysis of the folding arm amplitude-changing mechanism is carried out, and the relationship between the statics equilibrium equation and the angle of the amplitude-changing mechanism is deduced, and the static equilibrium equation is solved. The force expressions of the key components and hinge points of the amplitude-changing mechanism are obtained. (2) with the aid of MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox, the optimal mathematical model is established, which takes the force of the variable amplitude cylinder as the objective function and the coordinates of the hinge point of the amplitude changing mechanism as the design variable to optimize the design of the folding arm amplitude changing mechanism; (3) using the rigid-flexible coupling modeling method to establish the ADAMS model of the folding arm amplitude-changing mechanism, the column, the folding arm, the balanced pull rod and the dynamic pull rod are used as flexible bodies. (4) through the simulation and analysis of the amplitude-changing mechanism, the stress curves of the key components and hinge points are obtained. Compared with the calculated results after optimization, the correctness of the mechanical model and the optimization results are verified, and the stress and displacement curves of the key components are extracted at the same time. The prototype is tested to verify the engineering practicability of the optimization results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH112

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