【摘要】：電液比例技術在多路閥上的應用大大的改善了多路閥的性能,改善了工程機械的操控性,提高了自動化程度。電液比例多路閥主要采用比例壓力閥作為先導級,通過先導閥控制主閥芯的位移進而控制系統(tǒng)流量。本課題以比例多路閥的先導級插裝式三通比例減壓閥做為研究對象,研制了大噸位汽車起重機用插裝式三通比例減壓閥,并在研發(fā)過程中提取了與之相關的一些理論。 研發(fā)的過程包括閥部分的設計和比例電磁鐵的設計。閥的設計主要利用流體力學的相關理論設計了閥的結構形式、閥口形式以及結構參數(shù)等。比例電磁鐵的設計首先利用磁路計算的方式并結合比例電磁鐵漏磁通的特殊性進行初步設計,然后利用Ansoft電磁場仿真對關鍵參數(shù)進行參數(shù)化仿真分析,確定了電磁鐵的最終結構。利用Ansoft與AMESim聯(lián)合仿真進一步分析了電磁鐵及閥的結構參數(shù)對三通比例減壓閥動靜態(tài)性能的影響。搭建了閥的專用實驗臺,在Labview平臺上編寫了比例電磁鐵實驗臺以及閥實驗臺的測試程序。加工了比例電磁鐵樣品以及三通比例減壓閥樣品并在實驗臺上進行了實驗,實驗表明樣品與Bucher產(chǎn)品的動靜態(tài)特性相近,另外通過實驗驗證了仿真模型的正確性。最后對樣品進行了上車試驗,驗證了產(chǎn)品的實車性能。 研發(fā)過程中的理論研究包含了以下幾個方面：1)建立了三通比例減壓閥控主閥的數(shù)學模型,利用數(shù)學模型對重要參數(shù)進行分析。2)對于影響比例電磁鐵位移力特性的重要參數(shù)進行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)了比例電磁鐵額定推力與有效行程之間的內(nèi)在矛盾。將影響位移力特性的結構參數(shù)分為內(nèi)部參數(shù)和外部參數(shù),并分別研究了它們對于位移力特性的影響及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。3)通過比較不同占空比的PWM波的傅立葉級數(shù),指出50%占空比的PWM波所含交流成分最大,過大或是過小的占空比的PWM波交流成分都很小從而造成電磁鐵滯環(huán)的增大,進而指出這種驅(qū)動方式對于線圈電阻相應的要求。4)提出通過調(diào)整極靴結構參數(shù)來調(diào)整位移力特性進而實現(xiàn)液動力補償?shù)姆椒?并用仿真驗證了這種方法的可行性。5)對于閥芯以及銜鐵組件這兩個加工難度高的零件和部件進行了工藝研究,確立了加工簡單、成本低廉的結構。 本論文的主要內(nèi)容分為7章,現(xiàn)分述如下： 第一章,在綜合國內(nèi)外文獻的基礎上,闡述了比例多路閥、三通比例減壓閥以及比例電磁鐵的發(fā)展應用和國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,提出本課題的研究意義和主要研究內(nèi)容。 第二章,建立了三通比例減壓閥控主閥系統(tǒng)的傳遞函數(shù),在此數(shù)學模型基礎上對一些重要參數(shù)對于系統(tǒng)動靜態(tài)特性的影響進行分析,得到了一些有指導意義的結論。 第三章,根據(jù)三通比例減壓閥的實際需要確定了閥設計的目標參數(shù),對閥部分的結構形式、閥口形式及結構參數(shù)進行設計計算,并對閥芯的工藝性進行了研究。 第四章,選擇了制作該比例電磁鐵的磁性材料,在建立比例電磁鐵磁路模型的基礎上,結合直流電磁鐵的設計方法并考慮到比例電磁鐵漏磁通的特殊性,探索了比例電磁鐵的設計方法并對本課題所涉及的比例電磁鐵進行設計。重點對于比例電磁鐵位移力特性的影響因素進行了研究。對PWM波驅(qū)動進行了研究并探討了其對于線圈電阻的要求。對銜鐵組件的加工工藝進行了研究。 第五章,利用Ansoft參數(shù)化仿真功能研究了比例電磁鐵的重要參數(shù)對其性能的影響,確定了比例電磁鐵的結構參數(shù)。探討了Ansoft和AMESim兩個仿真軟件的聯(lián)合使用,在此基礎上建立了三通比例閥控主閥的仿真模型,并研究了重要參數(shù)對于系統(tǒng)性能的影響。提出并用仿真驗證了通過調(diào)整比例電磁鐵位移力特性來實現(xiàn)液動力補償?shù)姆椒ā?第六章,搭建了三通比例減壓閥測試專用實驗臺,在Labview平臺上編寫了比例電磁鐵實驗臺以及閥實驗臺的測試程序。實驗結果對比表明樣品與Bucher產(chǎn)品性能接近,另外實驗結果與仿真結果的吻合也驗證了仿真模型的準確性。對樣品進行了上車試驗,驗證了產(chǎn)品的實車性能。 第七章,概括了全文的主要研究工作和成果,指出了定量化的比例電磁鐵設計方法和批量化生產(chǎn)的工藝是本課題進一步深入研究的方向。
[Abstract]:The application of the electro-hydraulic proportional technology on the multi-way valve greatly improves the performance of the multi-way valve, improves the operation control of the engineering machinery, and improves the degree of automation. In the electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way valve, the proportional pressure valve is used as the pilot stage, and the displacement of the main valve core and the flow rate of the control system are controlled by the pilot valve. In this paper, the pilot stage plug-in three-way proportional pressure reducing valve of a proportional multi-way valve is used as a research object, and a plug-in three-way proportional pressure reducing valve for a large-tonnage automobile crane is developed, and some theories related to it are extracted in the research and development process. The process of R & D includes the design of the valve section and the proportional solenoid The design of the valve mainly uses the related theory of fluid mechanics to design the structure form of the valve, the form of the valve port and the structure parameter. The design of the proportional electromagnet is based on the method of the magnetic circuit calculation and the particularity of the leakage flux of the proportional electromagnet, and then the parameters of the key parameters are simulated and analyzed by using the Ansoft electromagnetic field simulation, and the end of the electromagnet is determined. The structure of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is further analyzed by the combination of Ansoft and AMESim, and the static performance of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is further analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to build a special experiment table for the valve, and on the Labview platform, the experiment table of proportional electromagnet and the test of the valve experiment table are written. The sample of the proportional solenoid valve and the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve were processed and the experiment was carried out on the experimental table. The experiment shows that the dynamic and static characteristics of the sample and the Bucher product are similar, and the positive and negative results of the simulation model are verified by the experiment. and finally, the sample is tested, and the real vehicle of the product is verified. The theoretical research in R & D process includes the following aspects: 1) The mathematical model of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve control main valve is established, and the important parameters are analyzed by using the mathematical model. The analysis is carried out, and the rated thrust and the effective stroke of the proportional electromagnet are found. The internal and external parameters of the structural parameters which influence the characteristic of the displacement force are divided into internal and external parameters, and their effects on the displacement force characteristics and their internal relations are respectively studied. The maximum, too large or too small duty ratio of the current component is very small, resulting in an increase of the hysteresis loop of the electromagnet, which in turn indicates the corresponding requirements for the coil resistance. 4) It is proposed to adjust the displacement force characteristics by adjusting the parameters of the pole shoe structure to realize the hydraulic power. The method of compensation and the feasibility of this method are verified by the simulation. 5) The process research is carried out on the parts and components with high processing difficulty of the valve core and the armature assembly, and the processing is simple, the cost is low, The main contents of this thesis are as follows: Chapter 1 is as follows: Chapter one, on the basis of comprehensive domestic and foreign literature, this paper describes proportional multi-way valve, three-way proportional pressure-reducing valve and proportional electromagnet. The application of the exhibition and the current research situation at home and abroad are put forward. In the second chapter, the transfer function of the control main valve system of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is established, and the influence of some important parameters on the dynamic and static characteristics of the system is analyzed on the basis of the mathematical model. In the third chapter, the target parameter of the valve design is determined according to the actual needs of the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve, and the structure form of the valve part, the form of the valve port and the structural parameters are set. In the fourth chapter, the magnetic material of the proportional electromagnet is selected, on the basis of establishing the magnetic circuit model of the proportional electromagnet, a direct-current magnet is combined. The design method and the particularity of the leakage flux of the proportional electromagnet are taken into account, and the design of the proportional electromagnet is explored. The method and the proportion electromagnet involved in this project are designed. The influence factors of the displacement force of the proportional electromagnet are studied. The PWM wave drive The dynamic behavior of the coil is studied and its relation to the coil is discussed. The paper studies the processing technology of the armature assembly. The fifth chapter studies the importance of the proportional electromagnet by using the Ansoft parameterized simulation function. The influence of the parameters on the performance of the proportional solenoid is determined. The joint use of the two simulation software of Ansoft and AMESim is discussed. On this basis, the three-way proportional valve control main valve is established. The influence of the important parameters on the performance of the system is also studied. The method of adjusting the displacement force characteristic of the proportional electromagnet to realize the liquid power compensation is set up, the special experiment table for testing the three-way proportional pressure reducing valve is set up, The experiment results show that the sample is close to the property of the Bucher product. In addition, the simulation model is also verified by the agreement between the experimental results and the simulation results In chapter 7, the main research work and results of the full text are summarized, and the quantitative proportion electricity is pointed out.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH137.52

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