貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)安全評定研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-13 20:49
【摘要】：貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)是一類用于加注、貯存及快速釋放氫的小型裝置,其安全性是產(chǎn)品壽命周期內(nèi)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,存在焊接,缺陷不可避免。對于產(chǎn)品在制造和運(yùn)行過程中出現(xiàn)的缺陷,遵循“合于使用原則”,以斷裂力學(xué)方法為基礎(chǔ),開展結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷的檢測與計算分析,評估產(chǎn)品的安全性,從而決定其是否還允許繼續(xù)使用,是一類合理有效的工程評定方法�；贘積分理論的失效評定圖技術(shù)由于理論嚴(yán)密,適用于多種失效模式,已經(jīng)成為目前國際上“含缺陷構(gòu)件安全評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的主流方法,本文基于此技術(shù)開展貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)主體承載結(jié)構(gòu)安全評定工作。 本文首先依據(jù)BS7910、SINTAP和GB/T 19624標(biāo)準(zhǔn),根據(jù)貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、制造、材料及載荷特點(diǎn),擬定了結(jié)構(gòu)安全評定程序及項(xiàng)目；然后開展了系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷檢測與表征,材料性能參數(shù)獲取,結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力求解三項(xiàng)研究工作；最后基于Ainsworth和通用失效評定曲線構(gòu)建理論、GB19624和BS7910塑性截止線規(guī)則,建立系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)安全的失效評定圖,計算不同缺陷參數(shù)評定點(diǎn)繪于失效評定圖中,由圖給出貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)安全評定結(jié)論,并計算評定點(diǎn)安全系數(shù)和最大缺陷尺度下的極限載荷。 研究結(jié)論包括：貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)主缺陷為焊縫底端未焊透,基于工程可操作性和保守性要求,將其等效簡化為三參量矩形截面環(huán)向缺口。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)用材FeCrNi奧氏體不銹鋼強(qiáng)度、塑性及韌性良好,但充氫后材料塑性和斷裂韌性有損減。電子束焊縫區(qū)與基材性能差異不顯著,彎曲載荷下破壞模式仍為塑性失穩(wěn)。內(nèi)壓及離心載荷聯(lián)合作用下,系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)最大等效應(yīng)力出現(xiàn)在未焊透缺陷根部兩側(cè)尖端,且隨缺陷深度的增加而增大,隨缺陷寬度的減小而增加；未焊透缺陷深度對應(yīng)力的影響大于寬度的影響,窄而深的缺陷應(yīng)加強(qiáng)控制和消除。當(dāng)未焊透缺陷深度不超過1.5mm(60%壁厚)時,結(jié)構(gòu)是安全的,安全系數(shù)為1.9至4。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)失效模式為塑性失穩(wěn),在韌度下降及裂紋擴(kuò)展情況下向彈塑性撕裂轉(zhuǎn)變。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度隨離心載荷增大而接近安全邊界,未焊透缺陷深度1.5mmm寬0.1mm時,以屈服應(yīng)力計算載荷比,離心載荷約190g時系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)處于臨界安全狀態(tài)；以流變應(yīng)力計算載荷比,離心載荷約270g時系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)處于臨界安全狀態(tài)。 貯氫壓力系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)安全評定是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工作,研究涉及制造檢測、材料、力學(xué)等多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,拘于有限的時間和能力,本課題至此還存在諸多問題和不足,比如未考慮焊接區(qū)域的熱應(yīng)力、焊縫與基材強(qiáng)度的高低匹配性、非均布應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子的有限元精確解、計算模型中的數(shù)據(jù)分散性等問題,這都有待后續(xù)研究。
[Abstract]:Hydrogen storage pressure system is a small device for charging, storage and rapid release of hydrogen. Its safety is the focus of attention in product life cycle. The structure of hydrogen storage pressure system is complex, welding is existed, and defects are inevitable. In order to evaluate the safety of the products, the defects in the manufacturing and operation process should be tested and calculated based on the fracture mechanics method, in accordance with the principle of "fit for use". It is a kind of reasonable and effective engineering evaluation method to decide whether it is allowed to be used or not. Due to the rigorous theory, the failure assessment chart technology based on J integral theory is suitable for various failure modes, and has become the mainstream method in the international "safety assessment standard for defective components". Based on this technology, the safety assessment of the main bearing structure of hydrogen storage pressure system is carried out. Firstly, according to BS7910,SINTAP and GB/T 19624 standards, according to the structure, manufacture, material and load characteristics of hydrogen storage pressure system, the procedure and project of structural safety assessment are worked out. Then, the structural defect detection and characterization of the system, the acquisition of material properties parameters, and the solution of structural stress are carried out. Finally, based on the theory of Ainsworth and general failure evaluation curve, and the plastic cut-off line rule of GB19624 and BS7910, the failure assessment diagram of system structure safety is established, and the evaluation points of different defect parameters are calculated and drawn in the failure assessment diagram. The conclusion of structural safety assessment of hydrogen storage pressure system is given from the diagram, and the safety factor of the assessment point and the limit load under the maximum defect scale are calculated. The conclusions include: the main defect of hydrogen storage pressure system is that the bottom end of the weld is not fully welded. Based on the requirements of engineering maneuverability and conservatism, the structure of hydrogen storage pressure system is reduced to a three-parameter circular notch with rectangular section. The strength, ductility and toughness of FeCrNi austenitic stainless steel are good, but the ductility and fracture toughness of the material decrease after hydrogen filling. There is no significant difference between the properties of the electron beam weld zone and the substrate, and the failure mode is still plastic instability under bending load. Under the combined action of internal pressure and centrifugal load, the maximum equivalent stress of the system appears at the tip of the root of the defect which is not welded through, and increases with the increase of the depth of the defect and the decrease of the width of the defect. The influence of depth of weld penetration defect on stress is greater than that of width, and the narrow and deep defect should be controlled and eliminated. The structure is safe when the depth of the defect is not more than 1.5mm (60% wall thickness), and the safety factor is 1. 9 to 4. The failure mode of the system is plastic instability, which changes to elastic-plastic tearing under the condition of the decrease of toughness and crack propagation. The structural strength of the system is close to the safety boundary with the increase of centrifugal load. When the depth of weld penetration defect is 1.5mmm wide 0.1mm, the yield stress is used to calculate the load ratio, the centrifugal load is about 190g and the system structure is in a critical safe state. When the centrifugal load is about 270 g, the structure of the system is in a critical safe state when the flow stress is used to calculate the load ratio. The structural safety assessment of hydrogen storage pressure system is a systematic work. The research involves many subjects such as manufacturing, testing, materials, mechanics and so on, and is limited to limited time and ability. So far, there are still many problems and shortcomings in this subject. For example, the thermal stress in the welding area, the strength matching between weld and substrate, the finite element exact solution of stress intensity factor under non-uniform stress state, and the data dispersion in the calculation model are all to be studied in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH49
本文編號：2421873
[Abstract]:Hydrogen storage pressure system is a small device for charging, storage and rapid release of hydrogen. Its safety is the focus of attention in product life cycle. The structure of hydrogen storage pressure system is complex, welding is existed, and defects are inevitable. In order to evaluate the safety of the products, the defects in the manufacturing and operation process should be tested and calculated based on the fracture mechanics method, in accordance with the principle of "fit for use". It is a kind of reasonable and effective engineering evaluation method to decide whether it is allowed to be used or not. Due to the rigorous theory, the failure assessment chart technology based on J integral theory is suitable for various failure modes, and has become the mainstream method in the international "safety assessment standard for defective components". Based on this technology, the safety assessment of the main bearing structure of hydrogen storage pressure system is carried out. Firstly, according to BS7910,SINTAP and GB/T 19624 standards, according to the structure, manufacture, material and load characteristics of hydrogen storage pressure system, the procedure and project of structural safety assessment are worked out. Then, the structural defect detection and characterization of the system, the acquisition of material properties parameters, and the solution of structural stress are carried out. Finally, based on the theory of Ainsworth and general failure evaluation curve, and the plastic cut-off line rule of GB19624 and BS7910, the failure assessment diagram of system structure safety is established, and the evaluation points of different defect parameters are calculated and drawn in the failure assessment diagram. The conclusion of structural safety assessment of hydrogen storage pressure system is given from the diagram, and the safety factor of the assessment point and the limit load under the maximum defect scale are calculated. The conclusions include: the main defect of hydrogen storage pressure system is that the bottom end of the weld is not fully welded. Based on the requirements of engineering maneuverability and conservatism, the structure of hydrogen storage pressure system is reduced to a three-parameter circular notch with rectangular section. The strength, ductility and toughness of FeCrNi austenitic stainless steel are good, but the ductility and fracture toughness of the material decrease after hydrogen filling. There is no significant difference between the properties of the electron beam weld zone and the substrate, and the failure mode is still plastic instability under bending load. Under the combined action of internal pressure and centrifugal load, the maximum equivalent stress of the system appears at the tip of the root of the defect which is not welded through, and increases with the increase of the depth of the defect and the decrease of the width of the defect. The influence of depth of weld penetration defect on stress is greater than that of width, and the narrow and deep defect should be controlled and eliminated. The structure is safe when the depth of the defect is not more than 1.5mm (60% wall thickness), and the safety factor is 1. 9 to 4. The failure mode of the system is plastic instability, which changes to elastic-plastic tearing under the condition of the decrease of toughness and crack propagation. The structural strength of the system is close to the safety boundary with the increase of centrifugal load. When the depth of weld penetration defect is 1.5mmm wide 0.1mm, the yield stress is used to calculate the load ratio, the centrifugal load is about 190g and the system structure is in a critical safe state. When the centrifugal load is about 270 g, the structure of the system is in a critical safe state when the flow stress is used to calculate the load ratio. The structural safety assessment of hydrogen storage pressure system is a systematic work. The research involves many subjects such as manufacturing, testing, materials, mechanics and so on, and is limited to limited time and ability. So far, there are still many problems and shortcomings in this subject. For example, the thermal stress in the welding area, the strength matching between weld and substrate, the finite element exact solution of stress intensity factor under non-uniform stress state, and the data dispersion in the calculation model are all to be studied in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH49
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