【摘要】：齒輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)是空間機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵部件,屬于故障多發(fā)件,故障多為潤滑失效,其失效比例占總故障的60%。由于真空環(huán)境中缺少傳導(dǎo)熱的有效介質(zhì),導(dǎo)致齒輪運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中齒面因摩擦、沖擊產(chǎn)生的熱量不易散失,齒輪較高的溫升,導(dǎo)致齒面油膜損傷和潤滑失效。齒輪系統(tǒng)一旦出現(xiàn)故障將直接威脅到傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)甚至整個(gè)航天器系統(tǒng)的安全。因此有必要對(duì)齒輪系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行故障診斷和壽命預(yù)測。齒輪的潤滑失效形式主要與摩擦有關(guān),因此,本文從摩擦角度出發(fā),研究摩擦與振動(dòng)的關(guān)系,通過振動(dòng)信號(hào)的變化判斷齒輪的使用壽命。開展齒輪壽命周期過程中摩擦與振動(dòng)信息耦合、故障監(jiān)測和診斷、壽命評(píng)價(jià)等的研究,建立輪齒摩擦副摩擦系數(shù)與故障診斷、壽命評(píng)價(jià)間的聯(lián)系,將對(duì)空間齒輪系統(tǒng)摩擦磨損機(jī)理和振動(dòng)故障研究具有重要的意義,也將對(duì)空間齒輪系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)監(jiān)測和壽命預(yù)測具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 本文從彈流潤滑理論著手,分析了摩擦系數(shù)同油膜比厚的變化關(guān)系,指出摩擦系數(shù)可以作為油膜厚度評(píng)定的指標(biāo)�？紤]齒輪摩擦和振動(dòng)的相關(guān)性,將摩擦系數(shù)引入到齒輪系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程中,建立了兩自由度的齒輪嚙合動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,分區(qū)段討論了變摩擦系數(shù)對(duì)齒輪徑向力的影響。利用ABAQUS對(duì)該齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)在不同摩擦系數(shù)下進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,通過對(duì)提取的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)參量(角速度)和動(dòng)力學(xué)參量(角加速度、摩擦力、徑向力)的時(shí)域和頻域特征分析,提出振動(dòng)信號(hào)的均方幅值RMS指標(biāo)可以有效識(shí)別摩擦系數(shù)的變化,具有相對(duì)較好的靈敏性,并給出了徑向力的均方幅值RMS和頻率幅值隨摩擦系數(shù)變化的函數(shù)關(guān)系。 搭建振動(dòng)測試試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),分別對(duì)干摩擦和脂潤滑條件下齒輪徑向力進(jìn)行RMS和頻譜分析。與仿真結(jié)果比較,數(shù)據(jù)吻合,滿足分析要求,證明了采用RMS指標(biāo)建立振動(dòng)與摩擦系數(shù)間關(guān)系的可行性。提出了采用振動(dòng)信號(hào)RMS指標(biāo)作為真空條件下齒輪運(yùn)行壽命的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),依據(jù)齒輪運(yùn)行的時(shí)間—RMS曲線,可以初步預(yù)測齒輪的壽命。
[Abstract]:Gear transmission mechanism is the key component of space mechanical structure, which belongs to the fault multiple parts, and the fault is mostly lubricating failure, and its failure ratio accounts for 60% of the total faults. Due to the lack of effective medium of heat conduction in vacuum environment, the tooth surface of gear is not easy to be lost due to friction, and the heat produced by impact is not easy to be lost. The higher temperature rise of gear leads to oil film damage and lubrication failure of gear surface. Once the gear system fails, it will directly threaten the safety of the transmission mechanism and even the whole spacecraft system. Therefore, it is necessary to fault diagnosis and life prediction of gear system. The lubrication failure form of gear is mainly related to friction. Therefore, the relationship between friction and vibration is studied from the angle of friction, and the service life of gear is judged by the change of vibration signal. This paper studies the coupling of friction and vibration information, fault monitoring and diagnosis, life evaluation and so on, and establishes the relationship between friction coefficient of gear tooth friction pair and fault diagnosis, life evaluation, etc. It will be of great significance to the study of friction and wear mechanism and vibration failure of space gear system, and will also have important application value to the condition monitoring and life prediction of space gear system. Based on the theory of elastohydrodynamic lubrication, this paper analyzes the relationship between the friction coefficient and the oil film thickness, and points out that the friction coefficient can be used as an index to evaluate the oil film thickness. Considering the correlation between gear friction and vibration, the friction coefficient is introduced into the dynamic equation of gear system, and the meshing dynamics equation of gear with two degrees of freedom is established. The influence of variable friction coefficient on the radial force of gear is discussed in different sections. The dynamic analysis of the gear mechanism under different friction coefficients is carried out by using ABAQUS. The time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the extracted kinematics parameters (angular velocity) and dynamic parameters (angular acceleration, friction, radial force) are analyzed. It is proposed that the mean square amplitude RMS index of vibration signal can effectively identify the variation of friction coefficient, and it has relatively good sensitivity. The function relationship between the mean square amplitude RMS of radial force and the variation of frequency amplitude with friction coefficient is given. The vibration test platform was set up to analyze the radial force of gear under dry friction and grease lubrication by RMS and frequency spectrum, respectively. Compared with the simulation results, the data agree well and meet the requirement of analysis. The feasibility of establishing the relationship between vibration and friction coefficient by using RMS index is proved. The RMS index of vibration signal is used as the evaluation index of gear running life under vacuum condition. According to the time-RMS curve of gear running, the gear life can be preliminarily predicted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH132.41

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