【摘要】：本文以銅基粉末冶金材料/鉻青銅為摩擦副，模擬電力機車受電弓滑板/接觸網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的服役條件，在HST-100載流摩擦磨損試驗機上進行載流摩擦磨損實驗，研究了電力機車弓網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)在運行過程中產(chǎn)生電弧不同類型。并探討了材料成分、電流、載荷、滑動速度以及摩擦副表面幾何形貌對各類電弧產(chǎn)生以及摩擦磨損性能的影響。利用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、三維形貌儀、能譜儀(EDS)等儀器對銷試樣摩擦表面形貌進行了表征分析，同時探討了不同參數(shù)對各類電弧產(chǎn)生的影響。 研究結(jié)果表明，隨著接觸載荷的逐漸增大，摩擦系數(shù)逐漸降低而磨損率則呈現(xiàn)先降低后升高的趨勢，載流效率因為載荷的增加而升高，同時摩擦過程中電弧的起弧率也是先降低后升高。因此在電力機車運行過程中，，弓網(wǎng)間接觸載荷存在一個最佳值，載荷過小弓網(wǎng)間接觸不穩(wěn)定，容易產(chǎn)生電弧，載荷過大則會導(dǎo)致磨損的加劇。 隨著摩擦速度的增大，摩擦系數(shù)和磨損量都呈增大趨勢，同時載流效率在低速時較高且相對比較穩(wěn)定，但隨著速度的提高，由于沖擊的加劇載流效率則急劇降低；起弧率隨著速度的提高而提高。 隨著電流密度的增大，摩擦系數(shù)逐漸降低，摩擦過程中電弧率及磨損率逐漸升高，同時在摩擦過程中載流效率也逐漸降低，在此過程中電弧燒蝕對磨損的影響起著決定作用。 隨著Cu/C復(fù)合材料中石墨含量的提高，摩擦過程中摩擦系數(shù)逐漸降低，并最終趨于穩(wěn)定，同時磨損率以及起弧率均呈現(xiàn)先降低而后升高的趨勢，載流效率則呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢，這些充分說明存在一個合適的石墨含量使Cu/C復(fù)合材料在載流摩擦過程中的耐弧、耐磨損以及載流性能最好。 隨著表面粗糙度的降低，摩擦過程中摩擦系數(shù)先降低而后升高，磨損率逐漸降低，摩擦過程中起弧率逐漸降低；由于表面接觸較好在摩擦過程中載流效率逐漸升高并最終趨于穩(wěn)定。 通過對材料摩擦后表面的微觀形貌進行分析表明：隨著接觸載荷的增大，電弧燒蝕得到有效地抑制；當摩擦速度大于25m/s時，摩擦表面電弧燒蝕比較嚴重；隨著電流密度的增大，粘著磨損在磨損中占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)作用；在一定的范圍內(nèi)提高石墨含量可有效抑制電弧的產(chǎn)生，減輕電弧燒蝕；隨著摩擦表面粗糙度的降低，磨損中電弧燒蝕及粘著磨損得到抑制，磨損機理逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為磨粒磨損。
[Abstract]:In this paper, copper based powder metallurgy material / chrome bronze is used as friction pair to simulate the service conditions of pantograph slide / catenary system for electric locomotives. The current carrying friction and wear experiments are carried out on a HST-100 current carrying friction and wear tester. The different types of electric arc produced in the operation of pantograph-catenary system of electric locomotive are studied. The effects of material composition, current, load, sliding speed and surface geometry of friction pair on arc generation and friction and wear properties were discussed. The friction surface morphology of pin samples was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM),) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The effects of different parameters on the arc were also discussed. The results show that with the increasing of contact load, the friction coefficient decreases gradually and the wear rate decreases first and then increases, and the current carrying efficiency increases with the increase of load. At the same time, the arcing rate decreases first and then increases during friction. Therefore, there is an optimum value of contact load between pantograph and catenary during the operation of electric locomotive. If the load is too small, the contact between pantograph and catenary is unstable, and the arc is easy to be produced, and if the load is too large, the wear and tear will be aggravated. With the increase of the friction speed, the friction coefficient and the wear amount are both increasing, and the current carrying efficiency is higher and relatively stable at low speed, but with the increase of the velocity, the current carrying efficiency decreases sharply because of the aggravation of the impact. The arcing rate increases with the increase of the speed. With the increase of current density, the friction coefficient decreases gradually, the arc rate and wear rate increase gradually during friction, and the current carrying efficiency decreases gradually during the friction process. The effect of arc ablation on wear is determined in this process. With the increase of graphite content in Cu/C composites, the friction coefficient decreases gradually and tends to be stable, while the wear rate and arcing rate decrease first and then increase. The current-carrying efficiency increases first and then decreases, which fully shows that there is a suitable graphite content to make the Cu/C composites have the best arc resistance, wear resistance and current-carrying performance during the current-carrying friction process. With the decrease of the surface roughness, the friction coefficient decreases first and then increases, the wear rate decreases gradually, and the arcing rate decreases gradually in the friction process. Due to good surface contact, the current carrying efficiency increases gradually and eventually tends to stabilize during friction. The results show that the arc ablation is inhibited effectively with the increase of contact load, and the arc ablation is more serious when the friction velocity is greater than 25m/s. With the increase of current density, adhesive wear plays a leading role in wear, and increasing graphite content in a certain range can effectively inhibit the arc generation and reduce arc ablation. With the decrease of friction surface roughness, arc ablation and adhesion wear are restrained, and the wear mechanism is gradually transformed into abrasive wear.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TM501.2;TH117.1

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