【摘要】：滅菌鍋體是蒸汽滅菌產(chǎn)品內(nèi)的核心部件之一，它的性能對(duì)產(chǎn)品的使用和壽命有著直接的影響。目前蒸汽滅菌容器多采用圓筒形結(jié)構(gòu)，只有在大容積的滅菌容器中才會(huì)采用矩形的結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般通過鈑金折彎后焊接制造，生產(chǎn)率低。因此，設(shè)計(jì)一種加工方便、結(jié)構(gòu)新穎可靠的新型矩形壓力容器結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)提高滅菌產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力具有積極的意義。 本文分別從實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、理論分析和數(shù)值仿真等三方面對(duì)蒸汽滅菌壓力容器進(jìn)行了探討和研究。采用應(yīng)變電測(cè)法對(duì)原有的圓筒形壓力容器進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)壓力為0.35MPa時(shí)，可以得到測(cè)量點(diǎn)的主應(yīng)變。根據(jù)廣義胡克定律，可以將應(yīng)變值轉(zhuǎn)換為應(yīng)力值。雖然測(cè)量值與理論值有一定的偏差，但是偏差不大，而且兩種結(jié)果均反映了薄壁圓筒形壓力容器和碟形封頭的平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果還為后面的新型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考。然后，基于無限長(zhǎng)殼體模型，即忽略兩端蓋的加強(qiáng)作用，采用曲梁力學(xué)模型的分析方法對(duì)矩形容器進(jìn)行了受力分析。引入流動(dòng)半徑的概念，發(fā)現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)截面產(chǎn)生于最大流動(dòng)半徑處，并推導(dǎo)了受內(nèi)壓作用的殼體計(jì)算公式和強(qiáng)度校核條件。根據(jù)計(jì)算公式和工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)矩形壓力容器的殼體、封頭、接管和門體進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)。其中，容器的容積約為10L，四個(gè)側(cè)板之間的圓角為R=30mm，殼體和封頭的名義厚度均為4mm，并且殼體和封頭采用整體沖壓成形。所獲得的矩形容器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、易于加工、造型大方以及空間利用率高等特點(diǎn)。通過有限元分析軟件ABAQUS，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的容器進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析。采用結(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格劃分和掃掠網(wǎng)格劃分技術(shù)進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)格劃分，并根據(jù)實(shí)際工況加載了邊界條件。當(dāng)加載0.35MPa的均布?jí)毫�，容器上最大�?dāng)量應(yīng)力出現(xiàn)在圓角處，然后是側(cè)板的中部。圓角處剛好是最大流動(dòng)半徑，可見數(shù)值仿真的結(jié)果與理論分析一致。 結(jié)果表明，為了達(dá)到與圓筒形容器同等的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)，矩形容器的壁厚增加了，但是其空間利用率更高，，因此，在有效容積相等的情況下，矩形容器所消耗的板材更少。綜上看來，采用矩形容器并沒有顯著提高材料消耗。
[Abstract]:Sterilizing pot is one of the core components in steam sterilizing products, and its performance has a direct impact on the use and life of the products. At present, most of the steam sterilizing containers adopt cylindrical structure, only in large volume sterilizing containers will the rectangular structure be adopted. This kind of structure is usually made by welding after sheet metal bending, and the productivity is low. Therefore, the design of a new type of rectangular pressure vessel structure with convenient processing and novel and reliable structure has a positive significance in improving the market competitiveness of sterilizing products. In this paper, steam sterilizing pressure vessels are studied from three aspects: experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. An experimental study was carried out on the original cylindrical pressure vessel by using the strain electric measurement method. When the experimental pressure is 0.35MPa, the principal strain of the measuring point can be obtained. According to the generalized Hook's law, the strain value can be converted into the stress value. Although there is a certain deviation between the measured value and the theoretical value, the deviation is small, and both of the results reflect the plane stress state of the thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel and the disc head. The experimental results also provide a reference for the design of the new structure. Then, based on the infinite shell model, that is, ignoring the strengthening effect of the two ends cover, the analysis method of curved beam mechanics model is used to analyze the force of the rectangular vessel. By introducing the concept of flow radius, it is found that the dangerous section originates from the maximum flow radius, and the calculation formula of shell subjected to internal pressure and the strength check condition are derived. According to the calculation formula and engineering experience, the shell, head, nozzle and door of rectangular pressure vessel are designed in detail. The volume of the vessel is about 10L, the rounded angle between the four side plates is RX 30mm, the nominal thickness of the shell and the head is both 4mm, and the shell and the head are formed by integral stamping. The rectangular container is characterized by simple structure, easy processing, generous modeling and high space utilization. The structural static analysis of the designed vessel is carried out by the finite element analysis software ABAQUS,. In this paper, structured and swept meshes are used to divide the meshes, and the boundary conditions are loaded according to the actual working conditions. When the uniform pressure of 0.35MPa is loaded, the maximum equivalent stress on the vessel appears at the corner and then at the middle of the side plate. The circular corner is exactly the maximum flow radius, and the numerical simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis. The results show that, in order to achieve the same strength grade as the cylindrical vessel, the wall thickness of the rectangular vessel increases, but its space utilization ratio is higher. Therefore, the rectangular container consumes less plates when the effective volume is equal. Overall, the use of rectangular containers does not significantly increase material consumption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH49

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