【摘要】：橡膠是一種高彈性材料,其吸振性和加工性能、以及抗磨粒磨損、腐蝕磨損和疲勞磨損性能良好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此廣泛作用在水潤滑尾軸承的內(nèi)襯。但是,由于水的粘性比較低、沸點(diǎn)低,船舶在低速重載或者啟停瞬間軸承的運(yùn)行工況比較惡劣,軸承的冷卻效果比較差,目前還沒有相關(guān)研究能夠很好地解決此類問題。 為改善水潤滑尾軸承的冷卻性能,優(yōu)化軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)、提高軸承的使用壽命,文中主要通過尾軸承摩擦學(xué)性能試驗(yàn),進(jìn)行軸承速度特性和溫度特性研究,并利用gambit前處理器軟件建立水潤滑橡膠尾軸承的CFD模型,在不考慮軸承材料受溫度影響變化的情況下,應(yīng)用FLUENT軟件計(jì)算分析了軸承結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)(軸承開槽形式、水槽寬度、水槽個(gè)數(shù)、開槽形式、水槽深度)、尾軸傾斜和軸承運(yùn)行工況(軸的轉(zhuǎn)速、軸承軸向流速)對(duì)軸承水膜壓力和軸承溫度的影響狀況,得到如下結(jié)論： (1)摩擦學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。對(duì)凹面型尾軸承進(jìn)行了速度-摩擦因數(shù)和溫度特性試驗(yàn)。速度-摩擦因數(shù)曲線形狀與經(jīng)驗(yàn)Stribeck理論曲線相似,驗(yàn)證了水潤滑軸承試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)是可信的,為后續(xù)章節(jié)的計(jì)算提供相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)；溫度特性試驗(yàn)表明比壓越大摩擦因數(shù)越小,在一定范圍內(nèi)軸轉(zhuǎn)速越大,摩擦因數(shù)越小。 (2)尾軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)冷卻效果的影響。通過一系列不同流速下軸承溫度的對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),全開槽軸承冷卻效果明顯優(yōu)于半開槽軸承。半開槽軸承高溫區(qū)域比較大,但水膜支撐力明顯大于全開槽軸承,因此,在滿足冷卻效果的前提下,應(yīng)盡量減少軸承下半部水槽數(shù)量。水槽寬度在一定范圍內(nèi)對(duì)軸承冷卻效果有影響,水槽越寬,軸承溫度越低,但是效果不明顯。一般情況下,水槽個(gè)數(shù)越多軸承的溫度越低。水槽形式對(duì)軸承影響不大；半圓形水槽略優(yōu)于U形水槽。水槽深度對(duì)軸承冷卻效果有明顯影響。 (3)尾軸由于受螺旋槳懸臂作用,產(chǎn)生傾斜,導(dǎo)致軸承摩擦加劇,水膜生成困難,軸承溫度也隨之升高。不同水域與季節(jié)會(huì)導(dǎo)致尾軸承冷卻水溫度大不相同。當(dāng)冷卻水初始溫度比較高時(shí),軸承溫度會(huì)相應(yīng)升高。軸承在不同轉(zhuǎn)速不同冷卻水流速下,軸承的溫度相差很大。低轉(zhuǎn)速低入口流速時(shí),軸承溫度相對(duì)比較高,相對(duì)高轉(zhuǎn)速高入口流速時(shí),軸承溫度相對(duì)較低。
[Abstract]:Rubber is a kind of high elastic material, its vibration absorption and processing performance, as well as wear resistance, corrosion wear and fatigue wear performance are good, so it is widely used in the liner of water lubricated tail bearing. However, due to the low viscosity of water and the low boiling point, the operation condition of the bearing at low speed and heavy load or at the moment of starting and stopping is relatively bad, and the cooling effect of the bearing is relatively poor. At present, there is no relevant research to solve this kind of problem well. In order to improve the cooling performance of the water lubricated tail bearing, optimize the structure of the bearing and increase the service life of the bearing, the speed and temperature characteristics of the bearing are studied mainly through the tribological performance test of the tail bearing. The CFD model of water-lubricated rubber tail bearing is established by using gambit pre-processor software. Without considering the influence of temperature on bearing material, the bearing structural parameters (bearing slotted form, flume width) are calculated and analyzed by FLUENT software. The influence of the number of flume, the form of slot, the depth of the flume, the tilting of the tail shaft and the operating condition of the bearing (the rotating speed of the shaft, the axial velocity of the bearing) on the bearing water film pressure and bearing temperature, The following conclusions are obtained: (1) tribological performance test results. The velocity-friction coefficient and temperature characteristics of concave tail bearing were tested. The shape of the velocity-friction coefficient curve is similar to that of the empirical Stribeck theory curve, which verifies that the experimental data of water-lubricated bearing are reliable, and provides relevant data for the calculation of subsequent chapters. The temperature characteristic tests show that the larger the specific pressure the smaller the friction coefficient and the greater the axial speed in a certain range the smaller the friction coefficient. (2) the influence of the structure parameters of the tail bearing on the cooling effect. It is found that the cooling effect of the full slotted bearing is better than that of the semi-slotted bearing through a series of comparison of bearing temperature at different velocities. The high temperature region of semi-slotted bearing is large, but the water film support force is obviously larger than that of fully slotted bearing. Therefore, under the premise of satisfying the cooling effect, the number of flume in the lower half of the bearing should be reduced as far as possible. The width of the flume affects the cooling effect of the bearing in a certain range. The wider the sink, the lower the bearing temperature, but the effect is not obvious. In general, the more the number of tanks, the lower the temperature of the bearings. The form of flume has little effect on bearing, and the semicircular flume is a little better than U-shaped tank. The depth of the tank has a significant effect on the cooling effect of the bearing. (3) because the shaft is inclined by the propeller cantilever, the friction of the bearing is aggravated, the water film is difficult to form, and the temperature of the bearing increases. Different water areas and seasons will lead to different cooling water temperature of tail bearing. When the initial temperature of cooling water is relatively high, the bearing temperature will rise accordingly. Bearing temperature varies greatly under different speed and different cooling water velocity. At low speed and low inlet velocity, the bearing temperature is relatively high, and the bearing temperature is relatively low at relatively high speed and high inlet velocity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.3

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