【摘要】：塔式起重機是建筑行業(yè)中的一種重要起升設備，新型平頭塔式起重機因安裝方便、起重臂受力特性好等優(yōu)點廣受用戶青睞。為適應市場發(fā)展需求，湘潭某塔式起重機生產企業(yè)開展了QTP100平頭塔式起重機的研制工作，本人承擔了其起重臂的設計任務。本論文在分析起重臂所受各種載荷的基礎上，開展了平頭塔式起重機起重臂設計計算、起重臂有限元模擬分析以及結構優(yōu)化等工作。 （1）介紹了國內外平頭塔式起重機的發(fā)展情況及研究現狀，分析了起重臂在各種工況條件下所受載荷及其處理方法，比較了極限狀態(tài)應力法和許用應力設計法的區(qū)別，得出了初步結構計算中采用許用應力法較為合適，而在非線性有限元模擬分析中，采用極限狀態(tài)應力法其分析結果更為合理的結論； （2）綜合應用結構力學、理論力學、材料力學等知識，結合平頭起重臂實際結構特點建立力學模型，對起重臂所受的各種載荷進行計算整合并將其轉化為各桿件所受的直接拉壓力，根據各桿件所受的拉壓力并結合穩(wěn)定性要求計算出桿件所需幾何尺寸，最終完成了QTP100起重臂結構的設計計算； （3）應用ANSYSAPDL語言建立了起重臂參數化有限元模型，運用極限狀態(tài)應力法對起重臂進行了兩種工況的有限元模擬計算，模擬結果顯示起重臂各受載部件強度均符合設計要求，初步驗證了設計計算的合理性； （4）進行了起重臂應力測試試驗，獲得了其上各關鍵點的應力值，結果顯示起重臂整體強度滿足要求，驗證了設計計算的正確性，試驗結果與采用極限狀態(tài)法模擬的結果基本吻合，證明了平頭起重臂的有限元分析中，運用極限狀態(tài)應力法所得結果符合實際； （5）采用ANSYS優(yōu)化模塊對所建的參數化模型模擬進行了結構優(yōu)化，，優(yōu)化結果顯示通過協調改變各桿件截面幾何尺寸，起重臂整體重量存在14%理論優(yōu)化空間。
[Abstract]:Tower crane is an important lifting equipment in the construction industry. The new type of flat head tower crane is favored by users because of its convenient installation and good mechanical characteristics of the boom. In order to meet the needs of market development, a tower crane production enterprise in Xiangtan has carried out the research and development of QTP100 flat head tower crane, and I have undertaken the design task of its lifting arm. Based on the analysis of various loads on the hoisting boom, the design and calculation of the hoist boom of the flat-head tower crane, the finite element simulation analysis of the hoisting arm and the structural optimization are carried out in this paper. The main contents are as follows: (1) the development and research status of flat-head tower crane at home and abroad are introduced, the load and treatment method of boom under various working conditions are analyzed, and the difference between limit state stress method and allowable stress design method is compared. It is concluded that the allowable stress method is more suitable in the preliminary structure calculation, but the limit state stress method is more reasonable in the nonlinear finite element simulation analysis. (2) synthesizing the knowledge of structural mechanics, theoretical mechanics and material mechanics, and combining with the actual structural characteristics of the flat-head lifting arm, the mechanical model is established. The various loads on the lifting arm are calculated and integrated and converted into the direct tension pressure on each member. According to the pull pressure on each member and in combination with the stability requirements, the required geometric dimensions of the rod are calculated. Finally, the design and calculation of the structure of QTP100 lifting arm are completed. (3) the parameterized finite element model of the lifting arm is established by using ANSYSAPDL language, and the finite element simulation of the lifting arm under two conditions is carried out by using the limit state stress method. The simulation results show that the strength of the loaded parts of the boom meets the design requirements, and the rationality of the design calculation is preliminarily verified. (4) the stress test of the lifting arm is carried out, and the stress values at the key points are obtained. The results show that the overall strength of the lifting arm meets the requirements, and the correctness of the design and calculation is verified. The experimental results are in good agreement with the results simulated by the limit state method. It is proved that the results obtained by using the ultimate state stress method in the finite element analysis of the flat-head lifting arm are in line with the reality. (5) the structural optimization of the parameterized model is carried out by using ANSYS optimization module. The optimization results show that there is 14% theoretical optimization space for the overall weight of the starting arm by changing the cross-section geometry of each member in coordination.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.3

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相關碩士學位論文 前2條

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2 張青;極限狀態(tài)設計法在塔式起重機鋼結構設計中的應用研究[D];山東大學;2010年

本文編號：2393686