【摘要】：靜壓氣體軸承由于具有摩擦阻力小、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度快、工作精度高及工作范圍廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)已經(jīng)在精密加工、微電子和航空航天等領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。但在工程應(yīng)用中人們也遇到一些問題，例如，在超高轉(zhuǎn)速下，尤其在轉(zhuǎn)速超過每分鐘20萬轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，因?yàn)槭艿綒鈩?dòng)力的影響、轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)不平衡等干擾，轉(zhuǎn)子極易出現(xiàn)渦動(dòng)失穩(wěn)，導(dǎo)致軸承會(huì)產(chǎn)生很嚴(yán)重的磨損甚至“卡死”現(xiàn)象，因此，如何提高承載能力和穩(wěn)定性對(duì)靜壓氣體軸承的推廣應(yīng)用有重要意義。然而，傳統(tǒng)的靜壓氣體軸承靜動(dòng)態(tài)性能的推導(dǎo)，往往在需要做出很多假設(shè)條件之后對(duì)雷諾方程進(jìn)行二維簡(jiǎn)化求解，單獨(dú)計(jì)算靜壓效應(yīng)和動(dòng)壓效應(yīng)，而后將兩者進(jìn)行線性疊加，不能精確反映潤滑氣膜內(nèi)的三維流動(dòng)。因此，本文利用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件FLUENT，從研究靜壓氣體軸承內(nèi)部的流場(chǎng)入手，將靜壓氣體軸承承載特性和節(jié)流特性作了詳細(xì)的分析。 本文的研究工作大體上分為四個(gè)部分，首先，研究了節(jié)流孔直徑、氣膜厚度對(duì)靜壓氣體軸承承載特性的影響。其次，對(duì)環(huán)面節(jié)流和小孔節(jié)流兩種節(jié)流方式靜壓氣體軸承承載特性做了對(duì)比研究，并對(duì)靜態(tài)仿真值做了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。再次，以新型小孔節(jié)流器和傳統(tǒng)小孔節(jié)流器的對(duì)比為主線，對(duì)渦動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的靜壓圓柱氣體軸承動(dòng)態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了分析。最后，以三種節(jié)流方式為研究對(duì)象，分析了轉(zhuǎn)子渦動(dòng)對(duì)靜壓氣體軸承節(jié)流特性的影響。 本文的研究成果豐富了氣體軸承的設(shè)計(jì)、制造方法，，為今后設(shè)計(jì)新型靜壓氣體軸承提供了一些指導(dǎo)，對(duì)從事此方面研究工作的人員具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Hydrostatic gas bearing has been widely used in precision machining, microelectronics, aerospace and other fields because of its advantages of low friction resistance, fast running speed, high working precision and wide range of work. However, in engineering applications, people also encounter some problems. For example, under ultra-high speed, especially when the rotational speed exceeds 200000 revolutions per minute, the rotor is prone to vortex instability due to the influence of aerodynamic force and the disturbance of rotor dynamic imbalance. So, how to improve the bearing capacity and stability is of great significance to the popularization and application of hydrostatic gas bearings. However, the traditional derivation of static and dynamic performance of hydrostatic gas bearings is usually based on the simplified solution of Reynolds equation after many assumptions are made, and the static pressure effect and dynamic pressure effect are calculated separately, and then the two equations are superposed linearly. Cannot accurately reflect the three-dimensional flow in the lubricating film. Therefore, in this paper, the bearing and throttling characteristics of hydrostatic gas bearing are analyzed in detail by using the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, to study the flow field inside the hydrostatic gas bearing. The research work in this paper is divided into four parts. Firstly, the influence of orifice diameter and film thickness on the bearing characteristics of hydrostatic gas bearing is studied. Secondly, the bearing characteristics of hydrostatic gas bearing with toroidal throttling and orifice throttling are compared and verified by experiments. Thirdly, the dynamic characteristics of the hydrostatic cylindrical gas bearing under the vortex state are analyzed by comparing the new orifice throttle and the traditional orifice throttle. Finally, the effect of rotor vortex on throttling characteristics of hydrostatic gas bearing is analyzed. The research results in this paper enrich the design and manufacturing methods of gas bearings, and provide some guidance for the design of new type hydrostatic gas bearings in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.36

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