【摘要】：目前鋼廠已經(jīng)利用生產(chǎn)中的廢煤氣循環(huán)發(fā)電,它節(jié)能又環(huán)保,但其中調(diào)節(jié)閥的穩(wěn)壓控制成為技術(shù)瓶頸。調(diào)節(jié)閥作為工業(yè)過程控制的終端元件,在調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)中必不可少,廣泛應(yīng)用于石油、化工、電力、冶金等工業(yè)部門。由于節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)環(huán)保等日益受到重視,多種場合都要求調(diào)節(jié)閥具有更好的技術(shù)性能。然而目前國內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)閥仍以傳統(tǒng)型式為主,響應(yīng)慢、能耗高、控制精度差,因此亟需對新型高性能調(diào)節(jié)閥技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究。本文分析了鋼廠循環(huán)發(fā)電調(diào)節(jié)閥的性能要求并充分考慮推廣其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,結(jié)合液壓傳動與控制系統(tǒng)的新節(jié)能技術(shù),以高效節(jié)能、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、響應(yīng)迅速、穩(wěn)壓精確為目標(biāo),開展了新型調(diào)節(jié)閥的設(shè)計研究。 首先,設(shè)計了一種以直驅(qū)式容積控制(DDVC:Direct Drive Volume Control)電液伺服系統(tǒng)作為執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的新型高性能調(diào)節(jié)閥(以下簡稱“直驅(qū)式電液調(diào)節(jié)閥”)。擬定了液壓系統(tǒng)原理,對系統(tǒng)主要元器件進(jìn)行了匹配計算和選型。對比分析直驅(qū)式電液調(diào)節(jié)閥和傳統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)閥后,突出了前者優(yōu)勢所在。同時在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計出一套結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的調(diào)節(jié)閥機械結(jié)構(gòu)。 其次,基于系統(tǒng)控制要求及特點,確立了以單片機為核心的控制方式,開發(fā)出一套基于PIC16F877單片機為控制核心的調(diào)節(jié)閥控制器。在硬件上完成了鍵盤輸入、數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)存儲、液晶顯示、報警電路、伺服電機控制等電路模塊的設(shè)計,控制器可內(nèi)置于液壓單元；在軟件中利用MPLAB實現(xiàn)了調(diào)節(jié)閥的功能設(shè)定、伺服控制、開關(guān)狀態(tài)三種控制模式,并且在C++Builder上編制了上位機界面,算法簡單易行,程序執(zhí)行速度快、功耗低。 再次,根據(jù)直驅(qū)式電液調(diào)節(jié)閥的工作原理,進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)機理建模。分析了伺服電動機工作原理及泵控缸的流量特性和力平衡特性等,重點研究了調(diào)節(jié)閥門的流量、壓力、開度及負(fù)載之間的關(guān)系,建立了直驅(qū)式電液調(diào)節(jié)閥系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)模型。推導(dǎo)出系統(tǒng)傳遞函數(shù),在MATLAB環(huán)境下分析了系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性,結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)具有較大的穩(wěn)定裕度。 最后,提出了一種基于蟻群算法離線優(yōu)化的模糊PID開關(guān)切換控制策略,應(yīng)用于系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)壓控制。通過在MATLAB中編程模擬控制器工作狀態(tài)的方式實現(xiàn)了更加精確的仿真,研究了系統(tǒng)在模糊PID開關(guān)切換和常規(guī)PID控制下的動靜態(tài)性能,結(jié)果表明前者控制時系統(tǒng)的階躍響應(yīng)性能、方波跟蹤能力、魯棒性、抗干擾能力等均優(yōu)于后者控制,且這些主要性能指標(biāo)都能達(dá)到系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求。仿真結(jié)果表明,所設(shè)計的直驅(qū)式電液調(diào)節(jié)閥能滿足高性能調(diào)節(jié)閥的使用要求。
[Abstract]:At present, the steel plant has made use of the waste gas in production to generate electricity, which is energy saving and environmental protection, but the regulating valve's steady pressure control has become the technical bottleneck. As the terminal component of industrial process control, control valve is necessary in regulating system and widely used in petroleum, chemical, electric power, metallurgy and other industrial sectors. Due to energy saving and environmental protection, more and more attention has been paid to regulating valve. However, at present, the traditional control valve is still the main type in China, which is slow in response, high in energy consumption and poor in control precision. Therefore, it is urgent to study the new type of high performance control valve technology. This paper analyzes the performance requirements of circulating power generation control valve in steel plant and fully considers its application field. Combined with the new energy-saving technology of hydraulic transmission and control system, it aims at high efficiency, compact structure, rapid response and accurate voltage stabilization. The design of the new control valve is studied. Firstly, a new type of high performance control valve (hereinafter referred to as "direct-drive electro-hydraulic control valve") with direct-drive volume control (DDVC:Direct Drive Volume Control) electro-hydraulic servo system as actuator) is designed. The principle of hydraulic system is worked out, and the matching calculation and selection of main components of the system are carried out. The advantages of direct drive electrohydraulic control valve and traditional control valve are highlighted. At the same time, a compact control valve mechanical structure is designed. Secondly, based on the control requirements and characteristics of the system, the control mode based on single chip microcomputer is established, and a set of control valve controller based on PIC16F877 microcontroller is developed. The keyboard input, data acquisition, data storage, LCD display, alarm circuit, servo motor control and other circuit modules are designed in hardware. The controller can be built into hydraulic unit. In the software, MPLAB is used to realize three control modes of control valve: function setting, servo control and switch state, and the upper computer interface is programmed on C Builder. The algorithm is simple, the program execution speed is fast, and the power consumption is low. Thirdly, according to the working principle of direct-drive electro-hydraulic control valve, the system mechanism model is built. The working principle of servo motor and the flow characteristics and force balance characteristics of pump control cylinder are analyzed. The relationship between flow, pressure, opening and load of regulating valve is studied, and the dynamic mathematical model of direct-drive electro-hydraulic regulating valve system is established. The system transfer function is derived and the stability of the system is analyzed under MATLAB environment. The results show that the system has a large stability margin. Finally, an off-line fuzzy PID switch switching control strategy based on ant colony algorithm is proposed, which is applied to the system voltage stabilization control. By programming in MATLAB to simulate the working state of the controller, a more accurate simulation is realized, and the dynamic and static performance of the system under the fuzzy PID switch switching and the conventional PID control is studied. The results show that the step response performance of the system is obtained when the former is controlled. The square wave tracking ability, robustness and anti-jamming ability are superior to the latter control, and these main performance indexes can meet the design requirements of the system. The simulation results show that the designed direct-drive electro-hydraulic control valve can meet the requirements of high performance control valve.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH137

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