【摘要】：偏心錐殼普遍應(yīng)用于石油化工領(lǐng)域,釜式重沸器中連接大小端圓筒的結(jié)構(gòu)即為典型的偏心錐殼。由于結(jié)構(gòu)的不對(duì)稱性,偏心錐殼在同一軸截面上沿圓周方向和沿著軸線方向上的應(yīng)力分布與正錐殼都不相同。對(duì)于錐角小于30°的偏心錐殼,最新的GB150和ASMEVIII-2中偏保守地規(guī)定偏心錐殼的設(shè)計(jì)參照正錐殼進(jìn)行。為了更好地了解偏心錐殼的應(yīng)力分布狀況,本論文對(duì)承受內(nèi)壓載荷的偏心錐殼進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和有限元應(yīng)力分析。主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 根據(jù)JB4732-1995《鋼制壓力容器—分析設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,設(shè)計(jì)并制造了帶偏心錐角為45°的無折邊偏心錐殼的小型立式壓力容器。比較偏心錐殼的各部位的應(yīng)力分布實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定結(jié)果和利用ANSYS有限元軟件分析的應(yīng)力分布結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),兩者結(jié)果基本一致,驗(yàn)證了有限元計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。根據(jù)有限元結(jié)果對(duì)偏心錐殼部位進(jìn)行應(yīng)力評(píng)定,各項(xiàng)應(yīng)力均在允許范圍內(nèi)。有限元計(jì)算得到的偏心錐殼的極限載荷為3.37MPa。 在線彈性材料本構(gòu)關(guān)系下,考慮偏心錐角、大小端筒體直徑、錐殼厚度等不同參數(shù)對(duì)偏心錐殼的影響,對(duì)偏心錐殼進(jìn)行參數(shù)建模,分析各種參數(shù)變化對(duì)偏心錐殼應(yīng)力分布的影響規(guī)律。 采用無量綱分析法,對(duì)偏心錐殼進(jìn)行參數(shù)化建模,分析了各種參數(shù)變化對(duì)偏心錐殼應(yīng)力分布的影響規(guī)律,建立了最大應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度和內(nèi)壓之比與偏心錐角α、大小端筒體直徑比h,小端筒體直徑與錐殼厚度之比m的多元線性回歸方程并給出了公式的適用范圍為計(jì)算所得的最大應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度小于材料的屈服極限。 內(nèi)壓為3.2MPa,以理想彈塑性材料本構(gòu)關(guān)系模擬實(shí)際材料的本構(gòu)關(guān)系,分析了偏心錐殼應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律,無量綱參數(shù)間的關(guān)聯(lián)式,提供了超過以上公式適用范圍的應(yīng)力分布情況。得出結(jié)論為超過以上公式適用范圍時(shí),最大應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度等于材料的屈服極限,為無折邊偏心錐殼的應(yīng)力分析提供了一種方便快捷的方法。
[Abstract]:Eccentrically conical shell is widely used in petrochemical industry. The structure of the small and small end cylinder in the autoclave reboiler is a typical eccentricity conical shell. Because of the asymmetry of the structure, the stress distribution of the eccentric cone shell along the circumference direction and along the axis direction is different from that of the normal cone shell in the same axial section. For eccentricity conical shells with cone angle less than 30 擄, the design of eccentrically conical shells is specified conservatively by the latest GB150 and ASMEVIII-2 with reference to the positive conical shells. In order to better understand the stress distribution of eccentrically conical shells, the experimental study and finite element stress analysis of eccentric conical shells subjected to internal pressure are carried out in this paper. The main research contents are as follows: according to JB4732-1995, a small vertical pressure vessel with 45 擄eccentric cone angle is designed and manufactured. Comparing the experimental results of stress distribution in different parts of eccentric conical shells with the results of stress distribution analyzed by ANSYS finite element software, it is found that the two results are basically the same, which verifies the accuracy of the finite element calculation results. The stress of eccentrically conical shell is evaluated according to the finite element results, and all stresses are within the allowable range. The limit load of eccentric conical shell calculated by finite element method is 3.37 MPA. Considering the influence of different parameters such as the eccentric cone angle, the diameter of the end cylinder and the thickness of the cone shell on the eccentricity conical shell, the parameter modeling of the eccentric conical shell is carried out under the constitutive relation of online elastic materials. The influence of various parameters on the stress distribution of eccentric conical shell is analyzed. Using dimensionless analysis method, parameterized modeling of eccentric conical shell is carried out. The influence of various parameters on stress distribution of eccentric cone shell is analyzed. The ratio of maximum stress intensity and internal pressure to eccentricity cone angle 偽 and diameter ratio of end tube to tube are established. The multivariate linear regression equation of the ratio m of the diameter of the small end cylinder to the thickness of the cone shell is obtained and the applicable range of the formula is given as the maximum stress intensity calculated is less than the yield limit of the material. The internal pressure is 3.2 MPA. The constitutive relation of ideal elastoplastic material is used to simulate the constitutive relation of practical material. The stress distribution law of eccentric conical shell is analyzed and the correlation between dimensionless parameters is analyzed. The stress distribution beyond the applicable range of the above formula is provided. It is concluded that the maximum stress intensity is equal to the yield limit of the material when the application range of the above formula is exceeded, which provides a convenient and quick method for the stress analysis of eccentric conical shells without folded edges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH49

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