【摘要】：隨著建筑物的增多及其高度的增加，對塔式起重機(jī)的使用會(huì)越來越多，所以對塔機(jī)進(jìn)行合理的設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)直接關(guān)系到塔機(jī)的安全性能、工作效率及經(jīng)濟(jì)性等。目前，國內(nèi)對塔機(jī)的研究，多采用有限元分析軟件完成不同工況下的靜力學(xué)分析以及模態(tài)分析，也有的研究者對塔機(jī)進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析、諧響應(yīng)分析等，然而對塔機(jī)進(jìn)行剛?cè)狁詈蟿?dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析的則相對較少。采用ADAMS軟件進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析可以很有效的分析塔機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能，也可以更好地模擬塔機(jī)實(shí)際工作時(shí)的狀態(tài)。本文的研究對今后更好的進(jìn)行塔機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)有一定的指導(dǎo)意義，通過運(yùn)用一些計(jì)算軟件協(xié)助于塔機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)及分析，在一定程度上可以減少塔機(jī)的研制周期、節(jié)約成本。 本文是基于QTZ40型塔式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，并利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS、三維建模軟件UG和機(jī)械系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)自動(dòng)分析軟件ADAMS完成了塔機(jī)的相關(guān)分析。本文主要完成了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究： 1．簡單介紹了本論文中需要用到的一些基本理論，列出了QTZ40型塔式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及基本參數(shù)，計(jì)算出塔機(jī)所主要承受的載荷，完成了QTZ40型塔式起重機(jī)三大工作機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算。 2．利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS完成了塔機(jī)的有限元建模，并且對其進(jìn)行兩種典型工況下的靜力學(xué)分析，得出兩種工況下的最大應(yīng)力發(fā)生位置以及最大位移值，并且證明塔機(jī)的最大應(yīng)力小于材料的許用應(yīng)力，塔機(jī)的強(qiáng)度滿足要求，并存在一定的材料剩余。 3．對塔式起重機(jī)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，分析得出塔機(jī)各階模態(tài)的固有頻率及其振型圖，證明塔機(jī)為低頻振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，對塔機(jī)各階的振型圖進(jìn)行了總結(jié)分析。 4．利用UG與ADAMS之間的接口完成塔機(jī)虛擬樣機(jī)模型的建立；利用ANSYS生成起重臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)中性文件，并通過ANSYS與ADAMS之間的接口將其導(dǎo)入到ADAMS中，，替換虛擬樣機(jī)模型中的起重臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的剛性體文件。 5．對塔機(jī)的剛?cè)狁詈夏Ｐ瓦M(jìn)行兩種起升工況下的仿真分析，得出兩種起升工況下動(dòng)載荷的變化曲線，分析了起升動(dòng)載荷對塔機(jī)工作時(shí)的影響。
[Abstract]:With the increase of buildings and their height, the use of tower cranes will be more and more, so the reasonable design of tower cranes will directly affect the safety performance, work efficiency and economy of tower cranes. At present, most of the researches on tower cranes in China use finite element analysis software to complete static analysis and modal analysis under different working conditions. Some researchers also do transient dynamic analysis and harmonic response analysis of tower cranes. However, the dynamic simulation of rigid-flexible coupling of tower crane is relatively rare. The dynamic performance of tower crane can be analyzed effectively by using ADAMS software, and the state of tower crane can be simulated better. The research in this paper has certain guiding significance for the better design of tower crane in the future. By using some calculation software to assist in the design and analysis of tower crane, the development cycle of tower crane can be reduced to a certain extent and the cost can be saved. This paper is based on the design of QTZ40 tower crane and completes the related analysis of tower crane by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, 3D modeling software UG and the mechanical system dynamics automatic analysis software ADAMS. This paper mainly completed the following aspects of the research: 1. Briefly introduced some basic theories needed in this paper, listed the design standards and basic parameters of QTZ40 tower crane, calculated the main load of tower crane, 2. The design and calculation of three working mechanisms of QTZ40 tower crane are completed. 2. The finite element modeling of tower crane is completed by using finite element analysis software ANSYS, and the static analysis of the tower crane under two typical working conditions is carried out, and the position of maximum stress and the maximum displacement value under two kinds of working conditions are obtained. It is proved that the maximum stress of the tower crane is less than the allowable stress of the material, the strength of the tower crane meets the requirements, and there is a certain material surplus. 3. The modal analysis of tower crane is carried out, and the natural frequency and vibration pattern of each mode of tower crane are obtained. It is proved that the tower crane is a low frequency vibration system, and the vibration mode diagram of each order of tower crane is summarized and analyzed. 4. The virtual prototype model of tower crane is built by using the interface between UG and ADAMS. The modal neutral file of lifting boom structure is generated by ANSYS and imported into ADAMS through the interface between ANSYS and ADAMS to replace the rigid body file of lifting boom structure in virtual prototype model. 5. The rigid-flexible coupling model of tower crane is simulated and analyzed under two lifting conditions, and the curve of dynamic load under two lifting conditions is obtained, and the influence of lifting load on tower crane is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH213.3

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