【摘要】：隨著建筑物的增多及其高度的增加，對塔式起重機的使用會越來越多，所以對塔機進行合理的設計會直接關系到塔機的安全性能、工作效率及經(jīng)濟性等。目前，國內(nèi)對塔機的研究，多采用有限元分析軟件完成不同工況下的靜力學分析以及模態(tài)分析，也有的研究者對塔機進行瞬態(tài)動力學分析、諧響應分析等，然而對塔機進行剛?cè)狁詈蟿恿W仿真分析的則相對較少。采用ADAMS軟件進行動力學分析可以很有效的分析塔機的動態(tài)性能，也可以更好地模擬塔機實際工作時的狀態(tài)。本文的研究對今后更好的進行塔機的設計有一定的指導意義，通過運用一些計算軟件協(xié)助于塔機的設計及分析，在一定程度上可以減少塔機的研制周期、節(jié)約成本。 本文是基于QTZ40型塔式起重機的設計，并利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS、三維建模軟件UG和機械系統(tǒng)動力學自動分析軟件ADAMS完成了塔機的相關分析。本文主要完成了以下幾個方面的研究： 1．簡單介紹了本論文中需要用到的一些基本理論，列出了QTZ40型塔式起重機的設計標準及基本參數(shù)，計算出塔機所主要承受的載荷，完成了QTZ40型塔式起重機三大工作機構(gòu)的設計及計算。 2．利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS完成了塔機的有限元建模，并且對其進行兩種典型工況下的靜力學分析，得出兩種工況下的最大應力發(fā)生位置以及最大位移值，并且證明塔機的最大應力小于材料的許用應力，塔機的強度滿足要求，并存在一定的材料剩余。 3．對塔式起重機進行模態(tài)分析，分析得出塔機各階模態(tài)的固有頻率及其振型圖，證明塔機為低頻振動系統(tǒng)，對塔機各階的振型圖進行了總結(jié)分析。 4．利用UG與ADAMS之間的接口完成塔機虛擬樣機模型的建立；利用ANSYS生成起重臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)中性文件，并通過ANSYS與ADAMS之間的接口將其導入到ADAMS中，，替換虛擬樣機模型中的起重臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的剛性體文件。 5．對塔機的剛?cè)狁詈夏Ｐ瓦M行兩種起升工況下的仿真分析，得出兩種起升工況下動載荷的變化曲線，分析了起升動載荷對塔機工作時的影響。
[Abstract]:With the increase of buildings and their height, the use of tower cranes will be more and more, so the reasonable design of tower cranes will directly affect the safety performance, work efficiency and economy of tower cranes. At present, most of the researches on tower cranes in China use finite element analysis software to complete static analysis and modal analysis under different working conditions. Some researchers also do transient dynamic analysis and harmonic response analysis of tower cranes. However, the dynamic simulation of rigid-flexible coupling of tower crane is relatively rare. The dynamic performance of tower crane can be analyzed effectively by using ADAMS software, and the state of tower crane can be simulated better. The research in this paper has certain guiding significance for the better design of tower crane in the future. By using some calculation software to assist in the design and analysis of tower crane, the development cycle of tower crane can be reduced to a certain extent and the cost can be saved. This paper is based on the design of QTZ40 tower crane and completes the related analysis of tower crane by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, 3D modeling software UG and the mechanical system dynamics automatic analysis software ADAMS. This paper mainly completed the following aspects of the research: 1. Briefly introduced some basic theories needed in this paper, listed the design standards and basic parameters of QTZ40 tower crane, calculated the main load of tower crane, 2. The design and calculation of three working mechanisms of QTZ40 tower crane are completed. 2. The finite element modeling of tower crane is completed by using finite element analysis software ANSYS, and the static analysis of the tower crane under two typical working conditions is carried out, and the position of maximum stress and the maximum displacement value under two kinds of working conditions are obtained. It is proved that the maximum stress of the tower crane is less than the allowable stress of the material, the strength of the tower crane meets the requirements, and there is a certain material surplus. 3. The modal analysis of tower crane is carried out, and the natural frequency and vibration pattern of each mode of tower crane are obtained. It is proved that the tower crane is a low frequency vibration system, and the vibration mode diagram of each order of tower crane is summarized and analyzed. 4. The virtual prototype model of tower crane is built by using the interface between UG and ADAMS. The modal neutral file of lifting boom structure is generated by ANSYS and imported into ADAMS through the interface between ANSYS and ADAMS to replace the rigid body file of lifting boom structure in virtual prototype model. 5. The rigid-flexible coupling model of tower crane is simulated and analyzed under two lifting conditions, and the curve of dynamic load under two lifting conditions is obtained, and the influence of lifting load on tower crane is analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH213.3

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