【摘要】：隨著當(dāng)今世界的飛速發(fā)展,各種大型或超大型的水利、水電、火電、核電工程以及城市建筑迅速增多,在滿足起重機(jī)的起升高度更高、起升重量更大、作業(yè)幅度更廣的要求同時(shí),起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的輕量化成為當(dāng)前的一項(xiàng)重要研究?jī)?nèi)容。面對(duì)這一要求,桁架結(jié)構(gòu)以其突出的力學(xué)性能優(yōu)勢(shì)越來(lái)越廣泛地被應(yīng)用于起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中,尤其是起重機(jī)的臂架結(jié)構(gòu)。關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的理論一直在深入發(fā)展,但是多側(cè)重于解決結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的某一問(wèn)題,而對(duì)于復(fù)雜的實(shí)際工程問(wèn)題難以得到良好地應(yīng)用,且不易于設(shè)計(jì)人員快速掌握。因此,研究用于起重機(jī)桁架結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化方法,探索起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)規(guī)律,對(duì)于起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)輕量化設(shè)計(jì)和系列化設(shè)計(jì)具有重要意義。 本文以DR1250動(dòng)臂塔式起重機(jī)的桁架式臂架結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象,研究多工況與多載荷組合的復(fù)雜計(jì)算條件下起重臂結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化方法。采用理論計(jì)算與有限元計(jì)算相結(jié)合的方法,基于參數(shù)化思想進(jìn)行建模,分析臂架結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化所需的最危險(xiǎn)計(jì)算條件,從而精簡(jiǎn)設(shè)計(jì)變量,提高優(yōu)化計(jì)算效率,同時(shí)充分考慮各約束條件、并選擇適合該臂架結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的最佳優(yōu)化算法,以保證結(jié)果最優(yōu)。針對(duì)桁架結(jié)構(gòu)弦桿和腹桿的剛度匹配問(wèn)題,本文提取臂架結(jié)構(gòu)中典型的K型結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)參數(shù)化有限元建模,研究腹桿的壁厚變化和腹桿的外徑變化對(duì)K型結(jié)構(gòu)相貫節(jié)點(diǎn)處應(yīng)力的影響,研究臂架結(jié)構(gòu)中弦桿和腹桿的剛度匹配關(guān)系。 本文基于APDL語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行參數(shù)化有限元建模和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化計(jì)算,得到了滿意的優(yōu)化結(jié)果。該優(yōu)化方法適合于解決復(fù)雜工況下起重機(jī)桁架式臂架結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題,易于工程人員快速掌握,且APDL程序具有很好的可重用性。通過(guò)研究,得到了腹桿尺寸變化下K型結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)力變化和變形規(guī)律,對(duì)研究臂架結(jié)構(gòu)弦桿和腹桿的剛度匹配問(wèn)題、優(yōu)化臂架結(jié)構(gòu)具有重要價(jià)值,為起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)者在合理選擇弦桿和腹桿的尺寸方面提供了有益的參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world today, a variety of large or super-large water conservancy, hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power projects and urban buildings are increasing rapidly. At the same time, the lightening of crane structure has become an important research content. In the face of this requirement, truss structure is more and more widely used in crane structure design, especially in crane jib structure, because of its outstanding mechanical properties. The theory of structural optimization has been developed in depth, but it is difficult to solve the problem of structural design, but it is difficult to be applied to complex practical engineering problems, and it is difficult for designers to master them quickly. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the optimization method of crane truss structure and to explore the relevant rules of crane structure design for the lightweight and serialized design of crane structure. In this paper, the truss jib structure of DR1250 jib crane is taken as the research object, and the optimization method of the cantilever structure under the complex calculation condition of multi-working condition and multi-load combination is studied. Using the method of combining theoretical calculation with finite element calculation, modeling based on parameterization thought, analyzing the most dangerous calculation conditions needed for optimization of boom structure, thus simplifying design variables and improving the efficiency of optimization calculation. At the same time, every constraint condition is fully considered, and the optimal optimization algorithm suitable for the optimization of the boom structure is selected to ensure the optimal result. Aiming at the problem of stiffness matching between chord and web bar of truss structure, the typical K-type structure of arm structure is extracted in this paper, and the parameterized finite element method is used to model it. The influence of the change of the wall thickness of the web bar and the outside diameter of the web bar on the stress at the intersecting joint of the K-type structure is studied. The stiffness matching relationship between the chord and the web rod in the arm structure is studied. In this paper, parametric finite element modeling and structural optimization calculation based on APDL language are carried out, and satisfactory results are obtained. This optimization method is suitable for the optimization design of crane truss jib structure under complex working conditions, which is easy for engineers to master quickly, and the APDL program has good reusability. Through the research, the stress and deformation law of K-type structure with the change of web bar size is obtained, which is of great value for studying the stiffness matching between chord and web bar of boom structure, and optimizing the jib structure. It provides a useful reference for crane structure designer to choose the dimensions of chord and web rod reasonably.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH21

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