【摘要】：葉輪機械主要指通過葉輪與連續(xù)繞流葉輪葉片的流體工質(zhì)進行能量轉(zhuǎn)換的一類機械,在國防及國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展中地位顯著,起著極其重要的作用。但一段時期由于氣動、材料、制造等技術(shù)水平的限制,特別是大型精算能力的不足,透平機械的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展受到了制約,有些關鍵領域與國外發(fā)達國家的差距較大。隨著計算機軟硬件技術(shù)的迅速崛起,也給葉輪機械帶來了快速發(fā)展的機遇,大批先進的參數(shù)化CAD和CFD流體分析軟件,使得計算機數(shù)值模擬仿真試驗代替大部分實物樣機試驗,大大縮減了葉輪機械的研發(fā)設計周期和成本,也使得加速新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)成為可能。 本文研究工作主要分兩部分：首先,以傳統(tǒng)熱力設計方法結(jié)合先進的CFD數(shù)值模擬仿真技術(shù),針對某貨運機車對離心冷卻通風機高全壓大流量的性能要求,采用創(chuàng)新的斜輪盤結(jié)構(gòu),自主研發(fā)設計了新型前向多翼離心冷卻通風機葉輪,和同類型進口風機相比,在外形尺寸不變、轉(zhuǎn)速降低25.5%的條件下,全壓提高11.8%,成功實現(xiàn)此類通風機的國產(chǎn)化。目前,本自主設計的新型高全壓大流量斜輪盤前向多翼葉輪離心冷卻通風機已經(jīng)替代進口通風機,裝車投入運行。 其次,以國產(chǎn)化通風機的研究工作為基礎,進一步深入應用先進的NUMECATM/Design3D數(shù)值模擬優(yōu)化軟件,對自主設計的參數(shù)化AP1000核主泵的混流式葉輪水力模型,分別從葉片進出口安裝角、葉片進口邊形式、葉輪外徑和葉片厚度沿流線的變化規(guī)律四個方面進行了葉輪性能的響應分析。并通過建立以提高效率和降低揚程為優(yōu)化目標的多目標優(yōu)化函數(shù)模型,綜合各方面因素進行優(yōu)化,最終得到優(yōu)化后的葉輪模型,整體水力性能較原始模型得到了較大改善,效率提高,揚程滿足設計要求,臨界空化數(shù)更是下降達21.86%,使得泵葉輪的空化性能提高顯著。在水力性能優(yōu)化的基礎上,對優(yōu)化后的葉輪進行了結(jié)構(gòu)強度的有限元分析,最終給出水力性能優(yōu)秀、結(jié)構(gòu)強度完全滿足核主泵的安全性使用要求的優(yōu)化葉輪模型。 以上研究工作得益于葉輪機械研發(fā)設計方法的不斷創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展,對今后的科研工作都具有借鑒意義,尤其是在實現(xiàn)核主泵研發(fā)設計制造進程中,核心技術(shù)國產(chǎn)化意義重大。
[Abstract]:Impeller machinery mainly refers to a kind of machinery which converts the energy between the impeller and the fluid working fluid of the continuous flow impeller blade. It plays a very important role in the development of national defense and national economy. However, the innovation and development of turbine machinery has been restricted due to the limitation of pneumatic, material, manufacturing and other technical level, especially the shortage of large actuarial capacity, and the gap between some key fields and developed countries is large. With the rapid rise of computer software and hardware technology, the impeller machinery has also brought the opportunity of rapid development. A large number of advanced parameterized CAD and CFD fluid analysis software make the computer numerical simulation test to replace most of the physical prototype test. Greatly reduced impeller machinery R & D design cycle and cost, also make it possible to speed up the development of new products. The research work of this paper is divided into two parts: firstly, the traditional thermal design method combined with advanced CFD numerical simulation technology is used to meet the performance requirements of a freight locomotive for centrifugal cooling fan with high pressure and large flow rate. A new type of forward multi-wing centrifugal cooling fan impeller was developed and designed by using the innovative oblique disk structure. Compared with the imported fan of the same type, the total pressure was increased by 11.8g under the condition of constant shape size and 25.5% reduction of rotational speed. Successfully realize the localization of this kind of ventilator. At present, a new type of centrifugal cooling fan with high pressure and large flow rate has been designed, which has replaced the imported fan and has been put into operation. Secondly, on the basis of the research work of domestic ventilator, the advanced NUMECATM/Design3D numerical simulation optimization software is further applied to the hydraulic model of the Francis impeller of the parameterized AP1000 core main pump, which is installed from the inlet and outlet angles of the blade, respectively. The response of impeller performance is analyzed from four aspects: the shape of the inlet edge of the blade, the variation of the outer diameter and thickness of the impeller along the streamline. Through the establishment of multi-objective optimization function model with the aim of improving efficiency and reducing the lift, the optimized impeller model is obtained by synthesizing various factors, and the overall hydraulic performance of the impeller model is greatly improved compared with the original model. The efficiency is improved, the head meets the design requirements, and the critical cavitation number is reduced to 21.86, which makes the cavitation performance of the pump impeller improve significantly. Based on the optimization of hydraulic performance, the structural strength of the optimized impeller is analyzed by finite element method. Finally, an optimized impeller model with excellent hydraulic performance and structural strength that meets the safety requirements of the nuclear main pump is presented. The above research benefits from the continuous innovation and development of the impeller machinery R & D design method, which is of great significance to the future scientific research work, especially in the process of realizing the nuclear main pump R & D design and manufacturing process, the core technology localization is of great significance.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH432

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 程久平;湯傳玲;;機械CAD系統(tǒng)中的型材標準數(shù)據(jù)管理及參數(shù)化設計研究[J];電子技術(shù)與軟件工程;2013年16期

，

本文編號：2332364