【摘要】：輪轂軸承作為汽車關(guān)鍵零部件，在承受軸向載荷與徑向載荷作用的同時(shí)還起著精確導(dǎo)向作用，輪轂軸承一般是在高溫、重載、高速等苛刻條件下工作，對(duì)潤(rùn)滑劑的要求也較高。汽車輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂對(duì)輪轂軸承的使用壽命以及汽車的行駛安全起著非常重要的作用，因此對(duì)輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑進(jìn)行深入研究對(duì)于節(jié)省能源、提高行車安全、延長(zhǎng)輪轂軸承使用壽命具有重要意義。 本文的主要研究工作有以下幾個(gè)部分： 首先，論文通過(guò)理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，研究了輪轂軸承失效形式和失效機(jī)理。通過(guò)對(duì)1200余套失效輪轂軸承進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，歸納總結(jié)出汽車輪轂軸承典型失效型式。采用紅外光譜（FTIR）與MOAII原子發(fā)射光譜儀對(duì)失效輪轂軸承的潤(rùn)滑脂進(jìn)行分析，采用掃描電鏡（SEM）以及能譜(EDS)分析方法對(duì)失效輪轂軸承表面進(jìn)行分析，研究了輪轂軸承失效機(jī)理。通過(guò)工況調(diào)查與失效機(jī)理研究，，提出了汽車輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂所需具備的性能參數(shù)要求。 其次，本文設(shè)計(jì)了一套潤(rùn)滑脂生產(chǎn)工藝，該工藝提出了一種潤(rùn)滑脂在高溫?zé)捴齐A段的保護(hù)方法，有效提高了潤(rùn)滑脂的抗氧化能力與高溫使用性能，并對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂調(diào)和工藝進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，提高了潤(rùn)滑脂調(diào)和速度。文章根據(jù)潤(rùn)滑脂所需的生產(chǎn)工藝要求，研發(fā)了一套集皂化工藝、調(diào)和工藝、過(guò)濾工藝于一體的潤(rùn)滑脂生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，設(shè)計(jì)了雙層夾套反應(yīng)釜及其釜外循環(huán)工藝裝置，并采用了預(yù)測(cè)-積分分離算法對(duì)反應(yīng)釜的溫度進(jìn)行控制。 再次，本文根據(jù)汽車輪轂軸承對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂的性能參數(shù)要求，對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂的生產(chǎn)材料進(jìn)行了分析選擇，經(jīng)過(guò)初次篩選，確定了四種輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂配方，采用新設(shè)計(jì)的生產(chǎn)工藝與設(shè)備制備了輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了相關(guān)試驗(yàn)研究。對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂理化指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)，結(jié)果表明，所研制的潤(rùn)滑脂能滿足輪轂軸承對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂性能參數(shù)的要求；采用FTIR技術(shù)研究了輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂稠化劑結(jié)構(gòu)，并給出了其二維與三維分子模型；采用差熱分析法（TG-DSC）研究了潤(rùn)滑脂的高溫性能，結(jié)果表明，所配潤(rùn)滑脂在350℃高溫下熱失重較小，具有較好的抗蒸發(fā)、抗氧化性能。 另外，為了進(jìn)一步提高輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂性能，本文選擇性的在上述四種潤(rùn)滑脂基礎(chǔ)上加入了三種不同粒徑的二硫化鎢固體添加劑以配制新脂。先采用掃描電鏡（SEM）、能譜（EDS）、XRD、激光粒度儀、差熱分析儀（TG-DSC）等方法對(duì)二硫化鎢固體添加劑的微觀形貌、組成、粒徑以及高溫性能進(jìn)行了分析，結(jié)果表明，層狀二硫化鎢粉末具備良好的高溫性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)將三種粒徑的二硫化鎢以不同的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)加入到輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂中，研究對(duì)輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂的性能改善。通過(guò)對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂滴點(diǎn)、極壓性能、抗磨性能的檢測(cè)，結(jié)果表明，納米級(jí)固體添加劑能較大幅度改善潤(rùn)滑脂的極壓與抗磨性能，對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂滴點(diǎn)影響較小。通過(guò)四球長(zhǎng)磨試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明，固體添加劑的加入，能顯著降低潤(rùn)滑脂的摩擦系數(shù)與磨斑直徑。文章給出了納米材料在潤(rùn)滑脂中的流動(dòng)模型，研究了潤(rùn)滑脂的抗磨減摩機(jī)理。采用FTIR與TG-DSC研究了納米材料對(duì)輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂稠化劑結(jié)構(gòu)以及高溫性能的影響，結(jié)果表明，納米材料的加入對(duì)潤(rùn)滑脂稠化劑結(jié)構(gòu)以及高溫性能無(wú)顯著影響。 最后，本文從研制的潤(rùn)滑脂中選擇了綜合性能較好的四種輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂(M-15、P-15、H-15、L-15)與殼牌輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂、克努伯輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂以及國(guó)內(nèi)汽車通用鋰基潤(rùn)滑脂進(jìn)行臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)，結(jié)果表明，所研制的M-15與P-15輪轂軸承潤(rùn)滑脂的性能優(yōu)于國(guó)內(nèi)同類產(chǎn)品，并且達(dá)到或接近了國(guó)際先進(jìn)產(chǎn)品水平。
[Abstract]:As the key parts of the automobile, the hub bearing plays an important role in bearing the axial load and the radial load, and the hub bearing is usually operated under the severe conditions such as high temperature, heavy load, high speed and the like, and the requirement of the lubricant is also high. The bearing grease of the hub bearing plays a very important role in the service life of the hub bearing and the running safety of the automobile. The main research work of this paper is as follows Part: Firstly, through the theoretical analysis and the experimental method, the failure form of the hub bearing is studied. and the bearing of the hub of the automobile is summarized and summarized through the statistical analysis of the more than 1200 sets of failure hub bearings. The failure pattern of the hub bearing was analyzed by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and MOAII atomic emission spectrometer. The surface of the failed hub bearing was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum (EDS). The hub axle was studied. The mechanism of bearing failure is studied by the investigation and failure mechanism of the working condition, and the requirements of the automobile hub bearing grease are put forward. In this paper, a set of lubricating grease production technology is designed, and a method for protecting the lubricating grease in the high-temperature refining stage is put forward. The oxidation resistance and the high-temperature performance of the lubricating grease are effectively improved, and the lubricating grease blending process is improved and improved. Based on the requirements of the production process of the lubricating grease, the paper has developed a set of lubricating grease production equipment integrating the saponification process, the blending process and the filtration process, and designed the double-layer jacketed reaction kettle and the same. The external circulation process of the kettle and the prediction-integral separation algorithm are used to the reaction. The temperature of the kettle is controlled. According to the requirements of the performance parameters of the grease in the hub bearing of the automobile, the production material of the lubricating grease is analyzed and selected. After the primary screening, the formula of four kinds of hub bearing grease is determined, and the new design process and the design are adopted. The hub bearing grease is prepared and The physical and chemical indexes of the lubricating grease are tested. The results show that the developed lubricating grease can meet the requirements of the hub bearing on the performance parameters of the lubricating grease. The structure of the grease thickening agent of the hub bearing is studied by means of the FTIR technology, and the results are given. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular model of the lubricating grease is studied by differential thermal analysis (TG-DSC). The results show that the thermal weight loss of the lubricating grease is small at the high temperature of 350 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2316297