【摘要】：液壓平衡回路是液壓控制回路中的一種基本回路，由于其重要的負(fù)載平衡、閉鎖以及速度控制特性而被廣泛應(yīng)用于工作部件垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)的場(chǎng)合。而液壓平衡閥是實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡回路功能的關(guān)鍵元件，由于傳統(tǒng)平衡閥需要系統(tǒng)提供控制壓力油才能實(shí)現(xiàn)承載下降工況，因此，系統(tǒng)存在控制壓力高、系統(tǒng)功率損失嚴(yán)重以及速度控制困難等問(wèn)題，而且在負(fù)載逐漸增大的工況（如變幅下降），若控制壓力保持不變，系統(tǒng)易超速。故對(duì)新型負(fù)載保持閥進(jìn)行研究，旨在使其性能優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)平衡閥。 本文針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題，采用了理論分析和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的研究方法，對(duì)新型負(fù)載保持閥進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算與動(dòng)態(tài)特性仿真分析，并與現(xiàn)有廣泛應(yīng)用的負(fù)載保持解決方案（螺紋插裝式平衡閥）進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，以驗(yàn)證新型負(fù)載保持閥優(yōu)良的控制特性和節(jié)能特性，主要工作如下： （1）以先導(dǎo)平衡閥構(gòu)成的典型液壓平衡回路為基礎(chǔ)，介紹了該平衡回路承載下降工況的運(yùn)行條件，，并給出基本計(jì)算公式；對(duì)平衡回路進(jìn)行分工況能量損失分析，并重點(diǎn)對(duì)承載下降工況能耗進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算，結(jié)果表明，承載下降工況時(shí)系統(tǒng)能耗由兩部分組成：負(fù)載勢(shì)能以及系統(tǒng)控制負(fù)載下降所消耗的能量，而且能耗較大，通過(guò)分析提出了新型負(fù)載保持閥的節(jié)能思路。 （2）以現(xiàn)有應(yīng)用廣泛的負(fù)載保持解決方案（某公司螺紋插裝式平衡閥）為基礎(chǔ)，建立該閥承載下降典型工況數(shù)學(xué)模型，并搭建AMEsim仿真模型，重點(diǎn)分析主閥芯錐角、主閥芯彈簧剛度、導(dǎo)控口阻尼孔直徑及負(fù)載大小對(duì)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響特點(diǎn)及權(quán)重，為下文與新型負(fù)載保持閥進(jìn)行控制特性、節(jié)能特性對(duì)比分析打下基礎(chǔ)。 （3）介紹了新型負(fù)載保持閥的工作原理及特點(diǎn)，對(duì)關(guān)鍵元件液控節(jié)流閥進(jìn)行液阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析，建立其結(jié)構(gòu)原理圖和數(shù)學(xué)模型。并按照液壓元件的一般設(shè)計(jì)步驟，對(duì)該閥的關(guān)鍵零部件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。 （4）建立新型負(fù)載保持閥的AMESim仿真模型并利用仿真手段驗(yàn)證了該閥功能（比例控制下降速度、基于流量再生功能的負(fù)載自重下降和液控節(jié)流閥的壓力補(bǔ)償功能）的可行性，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)承載下降速度可控，負(fù)載漸增時(shí)下降平穩(wěn)。 （5）在相同工況下，分析新型負(fù)載保持回路和螺紋插裝式平衡回路的能耗情況；并對(duì)兩個(gè)解決方案在不同負(fù)載下的控制特性和功耗特性進(jìn)行對(duì)比，給出詳細(xì)的功耗數(shù)據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明：新型負(fù)載保持閥在承載下降工況時(shí)能耗小，節(jié)能效果顯著。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic balancing circuit is one of the basic circuits in hydraulic control circuit. It is widely used in vertical motion of working parts due to its important load balancing, locking and speed control characteristics. The hydraulic balance valve is the key component to realize the balance circuit function. Because the traditional balance valve needs the control pressure oil to realize the load carrying down condition, therefore, the system has the high control pressure. The power loss of the system is serious and the speed control is difficult, and in the case of increasing load (such as decreasing amplitude), if the control pressure remains constant, the system is prone to overspeed. Therefore, a new type of load holding valve is studied in order to make its performance better than that of traditional balance valve. In view of the above problems, this paper adopts the research method of combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, carries on the theoretical calculation and the dynamic characteristic simulation analysis to the new load holding valve. In order to verify the excellent control and energy saving characteristics of the new type of load holding valve, it is compared with the widely used load holding solution (threaded insert balance valve). The main work is as follows: (1) based on the typical hydraulic balancing circuit composed of pilot balance valve, the operating conditions of the load and drop condition of the balancing circuit are introduced, and the basic calculation formulas are given. The energy loss analysis of the balance loop is carried out under different working conditions, and the theoretical calculation of the energy consumption under the load drop condition is carried out. The results show that, The energy consumption of the system is composed of two parts: the potential energy of the load and the energy consumed by the system to control the drop of the load, and the energy consumption is large. Through the analysis of the new type of load holding valve, the idea of saving energy is put forward. (2) on the basis of the widely used load maintenance solution (a company's threaded insert balance valve), the mathematical model of the valve's load-bearing and descending typical working condition is established, and the AMEsim simulation model is built to analyze the cone angle of the main valve core. The influence of the spring stiffness of the main valve core, the diameter of the damping hole and the load size of the main valve core on the dynamic characteristics of the system and its weight, which lays the foundation for the comparison and analysis of the control characteristics and the energy-saving characteristics between the main valve and the new type of load holding valve. (3) the working principle and characteristics of the new type of load holding valve are introduced. The hydraulic resistance network of the key component hydraulic throttle valve is analyzed, and its structure schematic diagram and mathematical model are established. According to the general design steps of hydraulic components, the key parts of the valve are designed and calculated in detail. (4) the AMESim simulation model of a new type of load holding valve is established, and the feasibility of the valve function (proportional control of descent speed, load deadweight drop based on flow regeneration function and pressure compensation function of hydraulic throttle valve) is verified by simulation. The speed of load drop can be controlled, and the load decreases steadily as the load increases. (5) under the same working condition, the energy consumption of the new load holding loop and the threaded plug balance loop are analyzed, and the control characteristics and power consumption characteristics of the two solutions under different loads are compared, and the detailed power consumption data are given. The results show that the energy consumption of the new load holding valve is low and the energy saving effect is remarkable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH137.52

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