【摘要】：離心泵是一種廣泛應用于國民經(jīng)濟各個領域的通用水力機械,按照傳統(tǒng)方法設計的離心泵都有效率低、易過載、揚程曲線出現(xiàn)駝峰、小流量工況下不穩(wěn)定以及運行時容易產(chǎn)生振動和噪聲等問題,添加分流葉片設計法是目前解決上述問題,改善離心泵性能最有效的方法之一。針對已往研究的帶分流葉片離心泵結構較為單一,本文首先對一種已往研究較少的長中短葉片離心泵進行研究,然后設計出一種結構新型的雙分流葉片離心泵,并進行研究,以期為帶分流葉片離心泵的結構設計提供新的思路和方法,最后利用非定常數(shù)值計算的方法探索分流葉片對泵體誘導振動和噪聲的影響。主要工作和結論有： (1)以IS50-32-125型離心泵作為模型泵,建立了計算模型和確定了數(shù)值計算方法,探討了湍流模型、網(wǎng)格尺寸和收斂精度對計算結果的影響,并通過離心泵外特性試驗,驗證了本文所采用的計算模型和計算方法的準確性。 (2)在模型泵的基礎上設計出長中短葉片離心泵,并采用正交數(shù)值模擬研究的方法對長中短葉片離心泵葉輪的主要幾何結構參數(shù),如中分流葉片進口直徑、短分流葉片進口直徑、中短分流葉片周向偏置度等3個因素進行研究,獲得了各幾何結構參數(shù)與離心泵性能之間的關系,同時得到了各幾何結構參數(shù)對離心泵性能影響的主次順序。設計出的最佳長中短葉片離心泵揚程在全流量工況范圍內比模型泵提高了16.59%～47.15%,整機效率在大流量區(qū)域比模型泵提高了0.78%～12.67%。 (3)在模型泵的基礎上設計出雙分流葉片離心泵,并通過數(shù)值模擬的方法探討了雙分流葉片離心泵葉輪主要幾何結構參數(shù),如雙分流葉片進口直徑、雙分流葉片周向偏置度及葉片數(shù)對離心泵內部流場及整機性能的影響,得出了各幾何結構參數(shù)的最優(yōu)設計取值。設計出的最佳雙分流葉片離心泵,揚程在全流量工況范圍內比模型泵增加了15.02%～36.63%,效率在大流量區(qū)域比模型泵提高了1.92%～12.44%,而且揚程曲線更加平坦,效率曲線向大流量方向偏移,高效區(qū)也變寬了。 (4)采用滑移網(wǎng)格技術對4種不同葉輪類型的離心泵在小流量工況、最佳工況和大流量工況下進行非定常數(shù)值計算,由此獲得了4種離心泵在一個周期內不同時刻的壓力分布情況,同時在蝸殼流道內設置了6個監(jiān)測點,監(jiān)測各處壓力隨葉輪旋轉的變化曲線,最終結果表明：采用長中短葉片布置或添加雙分流葉片可使離心泵流道內的壓力波動大幅減小,有效地改善了離心泵的誘導振動和噪聲情況。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal pump is a kind of universal hydraulic machinery widely used in various fields of national economy. The centrifugal pump designed according to the traditional method is of low efficiency, easy to overload, and the head curve appears hump. Under the condition of small flow rate instability and vibration and noise are easy to be produced during operation. Adding shunt vane design method is one of the most effective methods to solve these problems and improve the performance of centrifugal pump. In view of the single structure of previously studied centrifugal pump with split vane, this paper first studies a kind of centrifugal pump with long, medium and short vane, which has been studied less, then designs a new type of centrifugal pump with double shunt vane, and carries on the research. In order to provide a new idea and method for the structural design of centrifugal pump with split blade, the unsteady numerical calculation method is used to explore the influence of shunt blade on the induced vibration and noise of pump body. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) taking IS50-32-125 centrifugal pump as model pump, the calculation model and numerical calculation method are established, and the effects of turbulence model, mesh size and convergence accuracy on the calculation results are discussed. The accuracy of the calculation model and calculation method used in this paper is verified by testing the external characteristics of the centrifugal pump. (2) the long, medium and short vane centrifugal pump is designed on the basis of the model pump, and the centrifugal pump with long, medium and short vane is designed on the basis of the model pump. The main geometric parameters of centrifugal pump impeller with long, medium and short blades, such as inlet diameter, inlet diameter and circumferential bias, are studied by orthogonal numerical simulation. The relationship between the geometric structure parameters and the performance of the centrifugal pump is obtained, and the primary and secondary order of the influence of the geometric structure parameters on the performance of the centrifugal pump is obtained. The designed head of the best centrifugal pump with long, medium and short vane is 16.599.59% higher than that of the model pump in the range of full flow. The efficiency of the whole machine is 0.78% higher than that of the model pump in the large flow area. (3) the model pump is designed on the basis of the model pump. Double shunt vane centrifugal pump, The influence of the main geometry parameters of the centrifugal pump impeller, such as the inlet diameter of the double shunt blade, the circumferential bias degree of the double shunt blade and the number of blades, on the internal flow field and the performance of the whole centrifugal pump is discussed by numerical simulation. The optimum design value of each geometric structure parameter is obtained. The optimum centrifugal pump with double shunt vane is designed. The lift is increased by 15.02% and 36.63% compared with the model pump in the range of full flow condition. The efficiency is 1.92% higher than that of the model pump in the large flow area, and the lift curve is more flat. The efficiency curve is shifted to the direction of large flow rate, and the high efficiency zone is widened. (4) the unsteady numerical calculation of four different impeller types of centrifugal pumps under small flow, optimum and large flow conditions is carried out by using slippage grid technique. The pressure distribution of the four centrifugal pumps at different times in one cycle is obtained. At the same time, six monitoring points are set up in the volute runner to monitor the curves of pressure variation with the impeller rotation. The final results show that the pressure fluctuation in the centrifugal pump channel can be greatly reduced by using long, medium and short blades or by adding double shunt blades, and the induced vibration and noise of centrifugal pump can be effectively improved.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH311

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