【摘要】：球軸承運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)靈活，摩擦力矩小，應(yīng)用廣泛，在空間機(jī)構(gòu)中較為常見，但這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)只有潤(rùn)滑合理時(shí)才存在，否則容易出現(xiàn)摩擦力矩增大、不穩(wěn)定甚至軸承卡死的情況。空間的真空環(huán)境使得潤(rùn)滑十分困難，因此需要在真空中針對(duì)球軸承摩擦力矩展開研究。國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于空間摩擦學(xué)、球軸承摩擦力矩的研究有不少，但針對(duì)空間機(jī)構(gòu)用球軸承摩擦力矩的研究并不多見。針對(duì)這種情況本文做了以下工作： 搭建了可以提供真空及溫度環(huán)境的摩擦力矩實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。對(duì)空間潤(rùn)滑方式進(jìn)行了探討，選擇MoS2膜潤(rùn)滑、PFPE（全氟聚醚）脂潤(rùn)滑以及二者結(jié)合的混合潤(rùn)滑作為潤(rùn)滑條件，以無(wú)潤(rùn)滑的情況作為對(duì)照。分析空間環(huán)境對(duì)球軸承的摩擦力矩的影響，選取真空度、溫度為關(guān)鍵因素，另外選取轉(zhuǎn)速、載荷等作為實(shí)驗(yàn)因素，測(cè)試了球軸承的摩擦力矩，對(duì)其磨損機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析。 本文對(duì)球軸承進(jìn)行了摩擦力矩實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果表明：MoS2膜潤(rùn)滑球軸承啟動(dòng)容易；摩擦力矩小且穩(wěn)定，真空中要比大氣下小許多，，對(duì)溫度不太敏感，隨轉(zhuǎn)速升高先增大后減小，隨載荷線性增長(zhǎng)。無(wú)潤(rùn)滑球軸承摩擦力矩大且波動(dòng)大；通常對(duì)溫度、轉(zhuǎn)速也不太敏感，但當(dāng)溫度、轉(zhuǎn)速稍高時(shí)會(huì)急劇增大；通常隨載荷線性增長(zhǎng)，但在真空中重載下時(shí)會(huì)急劇增大。有脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承啟動(dòng)摩擦力矩較大，磨合期長(zhǎng)，真空中比大氣下稍大。PFPE脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承摩擦力矩隨溫度升高而減小，隨載荷增加先略有減小后線性增大，隨轉(zhuǎn)速升高先增大后減小。添加1.5%納米SiO2顆粒改性的PFPE脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承摩擦力矩一般要比PFPE脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承的要小，在低溫、重載時(shí)特別明顯。摩擦力矩隨溫度的升高而持續(xù)減小，隨載荷或轉(zhuǎn)速的增大均是先略有增大后持續(xù)減小。混合潤(rùn)滑球軸承的摩擦力矩溫度特性與PFPE脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承的類似，摩擦力矩轉(zhuǎn)速特性、載荷特性與改性的PFPE脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承的一致。通過SEM照片及能譜分析結(jié)果可知：固體膜潤(rùn)滑球軸承的MoS2復(fù)合潤(rùn)滑膜破壞嚴(yán)重，但基體磨損輕微；無(wú)潤(rùn)滑球軸承的磨損非常嚴(yán)重；PFPE脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承、采用納米SiO2改性的PFPE脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承磨損輕微，其中后者更輕；混合潤(rùn)滑球軸承的MoS2膜的破壞也很嚴(yán)重，基體磨損輕微。 綜合分析認(rèn)為：在空間機(jī)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)載荷小、壽命要求短，宜選用固體膜潤(rùn)滑球軸承；當(dāng)載荷較大、壽命要求長(zhǎng)時(shí)，宜選用合適的脂潤(rùn)滑球軸承。
[Abstract]:Ball bearings are flexible in operation, small in friction torque, widely used in space mechanisms, but these advantages only exist when lubrication is reasonable, otherwise, friction torque will increase, instability and even bearing stuck. The vacuum environment in space makes lubrication very difficult, so it is necessary to study the friction moment of ball bearing in vacuum. There are many researches on space tribology and ball bearing friction moment at home and abroad, but there are few researches on space mechanism ball bearing friction torque. In this paper, the following work has been done: a friction torque experimental system which can provide vacuum and temperature environment is set up. The space lubrication mode was discussed. The MoS2 film lubrication and the combined lubrication were selected as the lubrication conditions, and the non-lubricating condition was used as the contrast. The influence of space environment on the friction torque of ball bearing is analyzed. The vacuum and temperature are selected as the key factors, and the rotational speed and load are selected as experimental factors. The friction moment of ball bearing is tested and the wear mechanism is analyzed. In this paper, friction torque experiments of ball bearings are carried out. The results show that it is easy to start up with the W MoS2 film lubricated ball bearings, the friction torque is small and stable, the vacuum is much smaller than that in the atmosphere, and is not very sensitive to temperature, and increases first and then decreases with the increase of rotational speed. It increases linearly with the load. The friction torque of unlubricated ball bearings is large and fluctuating; usually it is not sensitive to temperature and rotational speed, but it will increase sharply when temperature and rotational speed are slightly higher; usually, it will increase linearly with the load, but it will increase sharply under heavy load in vacuum. The friction torque of grease lubricated ball bearing is larger than that of atmosphere, and the friction torque of grease lubricated ball bearing decreases with the increase of temperature, and decreases slightly with the increase of load, and then increases linearly with the increase of load. With the increase of rotational speed, it first increases and then decreases. The friction torque of PFPE grease lubricated ball bearing modified by 1.5% nanometer SiO2 particles is generally smaller than that of PFPE grease lubricated ball bearing, especially at low temperature and heavy load. The friction torque decreases continuously with the increase of temperature, and then decreases with the increase of load or rotational speed. The friction torque temperature characteristics of hybrid lubricated ball bearings are similar to those of PFPE grease lubricated ball bearings. The friction torque rotational speed characteristics and load characteristics of hybrid lubricated ball bearings are identical to those of modified PFPE grease lubricated ball bearings. The results of SEM photos and energy spectrum analysis show that the MoS2 composite lubricating film of solid film lubricated ball bearings is seriously damaged, but the matrix wear is slight, the wear of unlubricated ball bearings is very serious than that of PFPE-lubricated ball bearings. The wear of PFPE grease lubricated ball bearing modified by nanometer SiO2 is slight, the latter is lighter, and the damage of MoS2 film of mixed lubricated ball bearing is very serious, and the wear of matrix is slight. The comprehensive analysis shows that solid film lubricated ball bearings should be selected when the load is small and the life requirement is short in space mechanism, and the suitable grease lubricated ball bearings should be selected when the load is large and the life requirement is long.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：V423;TH133.3

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本文編號(hào)：2258214