【摘要】：葉輪機(jī)械葉片設(shè)計(jì)中通常采用的方法有正問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)方法和反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)方法。正問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)中設(shè)計(jì)人員通過(guò)分析設(shè)計(jì)要求，選擇性能相近的葉型作為初始葉型，通過(guò)CFD或試驗(yàn)方法分析初始葉型氣動(dòng)性能，如果其不滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，，則根據(jù)相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)或給定的優(yōu)化準(zhǔn)則反復(fù)修改葉型，直到其達(dá)到要求。正問(wèn)題方法具有過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程要耗費(fèi)大量時(shí)間和成本。反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)中，設(shè)計(jì)人員根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求給出流場(chǎng)中某些氣動(dòng)參數(shù)，通過(guò)氣動(dòng)參數(shù)與幾何造型間的物理關(guān)系得到實(shí)現(xiàn)該流動(dòng)特征的葉型。因此反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于設(shè)計(jì)效率較高、對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)人員經(jīng)驗(yàn)依賴較少。本文在馮卡門(mén)流體研究所（VKI）相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)展了葉片反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)方法的研究。全文研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面： （1）構(gòu)建了葉型無(wú)粘反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)流程，對(duì)其中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)——基于特征變量邊界理論的滲透邊界、葉型修正技術(shù)進(jìn)行了原理分析，并在課題組自主開(kāi)發(fā)的計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件NAPA中完成了滲透邊界、葉型修正模塊等無(wú)粘反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)組成部分的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了葉型反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)。 （2）對(duì)以下3類(lèi)9個(gè)具有不同流動(dòng)特點(diǎn)的管道及葉柵算例進(jìn)行了反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)：1）無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折的曲壁面通道，如bump管道，二維拉瓦爾噴管；2）模擬單葉柵通道流動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)彎擴(kuò)張通道；3）雙圓弧葉型構(gòu)成的平面葉柵。分別在氣流無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折及氣流發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折的亞聲速流動(dòng)、存在激波的跨聲速流動(dòng)中逐步驗(yàn)證該無(wú)粘反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)方法的準(zhǔn)確性。 （3）針對(duì)反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)方法實(shí)際使用時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)流動(dòng)與初始流動(dòng)的流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)間存在較大差異的情況，改進(jìn)了滲透邊界的處理方法，并在消除葉柵流動(dòng)中槽道激波的反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)算例中進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。 （4）把無(wú)粘反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)方法推廣到粘性流動(dòng)中，構(gòu)建了葉型粘性反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)流程。在雙圓弧葉型的亞聲速流動(dòng)中進(jìn)行了粘性反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)的驗(yàn)證。改進(jìn)了粘性反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中無(wú)粘目標(biāo)壓力分布的預(yù)估方法，使之適用于存在激波的流動(dòng)，并在存在激波的葉柵流動(dòng)中進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。 （5）針對(duì)NASALewis研究中心設(shè)計(jì)的一款兩級(jí)風(fēng)扇的第二級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)子葉片葉中截面的葉型，應(yīng)用本文構(gòu)建的反問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)。改進(jìn)后的葉型，在進(jìn)口流動(dòng)條件一致，保證葉型載荷不減小的前提下，流動(dòng)損失減小。計(jì)算表明在來(lái)流馬赫數(shù)1.02時(shí)，改進(jìn)后的葉型其載荷較初始葉型提高2.2%，靜壓升系數(shù)提高9.4%，總壓損失減小1.47%。
[Abstract]:The methods used in blade design of impeller machinery include forward problem design method and inverse problem design method. In the forward problem design, the designers choose the blade shape with similar performance as the initial blade shape by analyzing the design requirements, and analyze the aerodynamic performance of the initial blade shape by CFD or test method, if it does not meet the design requirements, The leaf profile is modified repeatedly according to relevant experience or given optimization criteria until it meets the requirements. The forward problem method has the advantages of simple process and easy implementation, but the design process needs a lot of time and cost. In inverse problem design, some aerodynamic parameters in the flow field are given according to the design requirements, and the blade profile of the flow characteristic is obtained by the physical relationship between the aerodynamic parameters and the geometric modeling. Therefore, the advantage of inverse problem design lies in its high design efficiency and less dependence on the designer's experience. In this paper, the design method of blade inverse problem is studied on the basis of the (VKI) research of von Carmen fluid Research Institute. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the design process of blade inviscid inverse problem is constructed, and the infiltration boundary based on characteristic variable boundary theory is discussed. The principle of blade shape correction technology is analyzed, and the program of non-viscous inverse problem design, such as seepage boundary and blade shape correction module, is implemented in the computational fluid dynamics software NAPA, which is developed by the research group. Thus, the design of blade shape inverse problem is realized. (2) for the following three types of pipes and cascades with different flow characteristics, inverse problem design: 1) curved wall channel without turning, such as bump pipe, two-dimensional Laval nozzle, 2) turn expansion channel simulating flow in single cascade channel; 3) a planar cascade with double arc blades. The accuracy of the design method is verified step by step in the transonic flow with shock wave and the subsonic flow with no turning or turning of the flow. (3) in view of the large difference between the structure of the target flow and the flow field of the initial flow when the inverse problem design method is used in practice, the method of dealing with the permeation boundary is improved. The design example of the inverse problem of eliminating the channel shock in cascade flow is verified. (4) the inviscid inverse problem design method is extended to viscous flow, and the design flow of blade viscous inverse problem is constructed. The design of viscous inverse problem is verified in subsonic flow with double arc blades. The method of predicting the pressure distribution of non-viscous target in the design process of viscous inverse problem is improved to make it suitable for the flow with shock wave, and it is verified in the cascade flow with shock wave. (5) aiming at the blade profile of the second stage rotor blade of a two-stage fan designed by NASALewis Research Center, the inverse problem design technique constructed in this paper is used to improve the design. The flow loss of the improved blade is reduced on the premise that the inlet flow condition is the same and the load of the blade shape is not reduced. The calculation results show that the load of the improved blade shape is increased by 2.2 than that of the initial blade shape, the static pressure rising coefficient is increased by 9.4and the total pressure loss is reduced by 1.47m when the Mach number is 1.02.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH45

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 王正明;葉柵粘性流動(dòng)的反問(wèn)題解[J];工程熱物理學(xué)報(bào);1989年04期

2 王正明,蔡睿賢,陳宏冀,張東;葉柵全三維粘性反問(wèn)題的數(shù)值解[J];工程熱物理學(xué)報(bào);1998年05期

3 王正明;使用Navier－Stokes方程葉柵粘性反問(wèn)題的數(shù)值解[J];工程熱物理學(xué)報(bào);1995年04期

4 溫泉,梁德旺;厘米級(jí)向心渦輪的三維流動(dòng)特征分析[J];推進(jìn)技術(shù);2004年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉景新;軸流式葉輪機(jī)械葉型反方法優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)研究[D];西北工業(yè)大學(xué);2002年

2 南向誼;跨音速壓氣機(jī)及低速風(fēng)機(jī)葉型反設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化技術(shù)研究[D];西北工業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

本文編號(hào)：2257862