【摘要】：頂驅的全稱為頂部驅動鉆井裝置TDS(TOP DRIVE DRILLING SYSTEM),它是20世紀80年代國際鉆井領域中興起的一項新的鉆井技術,是旋轉鉆井技術的一次重大突破。頂驅裝置代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的轉盤,可以節(jié)省接單根和間斷時間;遇到復雜地質狀況,可以隨時接單根進行循環(huán),減少了卡鉆事故的發(fā)生。頂部驅動鉆井系統(tǒng)可從井架上部空間直接旋轉鉆桿,沿專用導軌向下送進,完成鉆桿旋轉鉆進,循環(huán)鉆井液,接立柱,上卸扣和倒劃眼等多種鉆井操作。該系統(tǒng)顯著提高了鉆井作業(yè)的能力和效率,并已成為石油鉆井行業(yè)的標準產(chǎn)品。 結合國內外頂驅的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢,可以清晰地看到國產(chǎn)頂驅與國外頂驅無論在技術設計上或制造工藝上都存在著很大的距離。頂驅已成為限制我國石油工業(yè)走向世界的技術障礙。本文從國內外頂驅的實際應用出發(fā),對國產(chǎn)頂驅的性能進行分析,提出國產(chǎn)頂驅優(yōu)化方案。根據(jù)頂驅及其液壓系統(tǒng)的工作原理,應用機械CAD技術設計出頂驅液壓集成閥板三維圖、施工圖,并應用三維軟件檢驗設計的可行性。實地考察、實踐頂驅應用情況,對頂驅液壓系統(tǒng)進一步優(yōu)化,完善施工圖。搭建試驗臺,通過實驗檢驗頂驅液壓閥塊的設計目標。進一步對頂驅液壓系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化,得出最終方案。 解決頂驅液壓系統(tǒng)泄漏問題,從實際出發(fā),結合國外頂驅液壓密封技術提出改進國產(chǎn)頂驅密封方案。從材料、原理出發(fā),進一步探討低溫條件下頂驅液壓密封。 最后通過將優(yōu)化方案進行實地試驗檢驗,對頂驅及液壓系統(tǒng)各項性能進行檢測并進一步優(yōu)化頂驅液壓系統(tǒng)。為以后國產(chǎn)頂驅制造生產(chǎn)打下基礎。
[Abstract]:Top drive is called TDS (TOP DRIVE DRILLING SYSTEM), which is a new drilling technology in the international drilling field in 1980s. It is a great breakthrough in rotary drilling technology. Instead of the traditional turntable, the top drive device can save the connecting single root and discontinuous time, and when the complex geological conditions are encountered, it can be connected with the single root to cycle at any time, thus reducing the occurrence of drilling jam accident. The top drive drilling system can rotate the drill pipe directly from the upper space of the Derrick and feed down along the special guideway to complete various drilling operations such as rotary drilling, circulating drilling fluid, connecting post, up and down the hole and so on. The system has greatly improved the ability and efficiency of drilling operation, and has become the standard product of oil drilling industry. Combined with the research status and development trend of top drive at home and abroad, it is clear that there is a great distance between domestic top drive and foreign top drive in both technical design and manufacturing process. Top drive has become a technical obstacle to restrict the petroleum industry of our country to the world. Based on the practical application of domestic and foreign top drive, this paper analyzes the performance of domestic top drive, and puts forward the optimization scheme of domestic top drive. According to the working principle of top drive and its hydraulic system, the 3D drawing and working drawing of hydraulic integrated valve plate of top drive are designed by using mechanical CAD technology, and the feasibility of the design is verified by using three dimensional software. Field investigation, the practice of top drive application, the top drive hydraulic system further optimization, improve construction drawings. The design goal of hydraulic valve block of top drive was tested by experiment. The final scheme is obtained by optimizing the hydraulic system of top drive. In order to solve the leakage problem of hydraulic system of top drive, combining with the technology of hydraulic seal of top drive in foreign countries, this paper puts forward a scheme to improve the seal of top drive made in China. Based on the material and principle, the hydraulic seal of top drive under low temperature is further discussed. Finally, the performance of top drive and hydraulic system is tested and optimized by field test. For domestic top drive manufacturing production lay the foundation.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH137

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