【摘要】：近年來,隨著科學技術的不斷進步,塔式起重機向著設備大型化、多樣化方向發(fā)展,使作業(yè)過程發(fā)生事故的可能性增大,并且誘發(fā)事故的因素更復雜,造成的危害和損失也越來越大。而通過合理檢測可有效降低起重機的失效。本文引用了已在石化行業(yè)普遍應用的RBI檢測技術,可避免傳統(tǒng)檢測中存在的過度檢測、檢測不足及檢測費用高等缺點,對塔式起重機進行了安全評估,并編制了安全評估軟件。 首先,本文總結了塔式起重機的失效原因及失效后果,建立了FMEA數(shù)據(jù)庫,制定了數(shù)據(jù)采集表,以方便收集各類失效數(shù)據(jù),為接下來應用RBI進行定性和定量評估提供了基礎。 其次,對塔式起重機進行定性評估。根據(jù)影響塔式起重機定性評估的各類因素制定了系數(shù),給出各系數(shù)的權值,并對失效后果進行了等級劃分,然后根據(jù)RBI的風險分析矩陣得出塔式起重機各零部件的風險。對定性分析得出的中高風險零件進行定量分析。根據(jù)采集的失效數(shù)據(jù),計算零件的通用失效概率,然后采用層次分析法和多層次灰色評價方法計算設備修正系數(shù),再根據(jù)企業(yè)的實際情況,給出管理系數(shù)。通過以上兩個系數(shù)對通用失效概率進行修正,得出失效概率。同時,根據(jù)給出的失效后果的計算方法,利用風險矩陣計算零件的風險等級,并根據(jù)風險等級給出相應的檢測方法及得出檢測周期的方法。 最后,利用Visual Basic6.0和Access建立了塔式起重機定性定量風險評估軟件,以方便制定各零部件的檢測周期和檢測方法。 RBI技術在塔式起重機安全評估中的應用是塔式起重機檢測技術發(fā)展的一種新思路,且避免了傳統(tǒng)檢測的許多缺點,必將大大提高塔式起重機械的安全管理,對起重機械事故預防和安全性設計提供了一定的借鑒和參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous progress of science and technology, tower cranes are developing towards the direction of large-scale and diversified equipment, which makes the possibility of accidents in the operation process increase, and the factors causing accidents are more complex. The damage and losses caused are also increasing. The failure of crane can be effectively reduced by reasonable inspection. In this paper, the RBI detection technology, which has been widely used in petrochemical industry, is used to avoid the disadvantages of excessive detection, insufficient detection and high detection cost in traditional detection. The safety assessment of tower crane is carried out and the safety evaluation software is developed. Firstly, this paper summarizes the failure reason and consequence of tower crane, establishes FMEA database and sets up data acquisition table to collect all kinds of failure data conveniently, which provides the foundation for qualitative and quantitative evaluation with RBI. Secondly, the tower crane is evaluated qualitatively. According to the factors influencing the qualitative evaluation of tower cranes, the coefficients are formulated, the weights of each coefficient are given, and the failure consequences are classified. Then, the risk of each part of tower crane is obtained according to the risk analysis matrix of RBI. The qualitative analysis of the high-risk parts of the quantitative analysis. According to the collected failure data, the general failure probability of the parts is calculated, and then the equipment correction coefficient is calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-level grey evaluation method, and the management coefficient is given according to the actual situation of the enterprise. The general failure probability is modified by the above two coefficients, and the failure probability is obtained. At the same time, according to the calculation method of failure consequence, the risk grade of parts is calculated by using the risk matrix, and the corresponding detection method and the method of obtaining the detection period are given according to the risk level. Finally, the qualitative and quantitative risk assessment software of tower crane is established by using Visual Basic6.0 and Access. The application of RBI technology in the safety evaluation of tower crane is a new way of development of tower crane detection technology and avoids many shortcomings of traditional inspection. It will greatly improve the safety management of tower crane and provide some reference for the accident prevention and safety design of crane.
【學位授予單位】：東北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.3

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