【摘要】：制冷劑壓縮機(jī)在液化天然氣工業(yè)中具有重要地位,過(guò)去我國(guó)制冷劑壓縮機(jī)長(zhǎng)期依賴進(jìn)口,從上個(gè)世紀(jì)70年代開始,沈鼓自控公司就開始向制冷劑裝置用壓縮機(jī)的研發(fā)邁進(jìn),相繼開發(fā)了數(shù)十項(xiàng)具有國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平的新技術(shù),先后為大慶、上海、茂名等地的企業(yè)提供了大型制冷劑裝置用壓縮機(jī)組的單機(jī),產(chǎn)品達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平。 制冷劑壓縮機(jī)有氣體處理量大、體積小、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)以及其壓縮氣體不受潤(rùn)滑油污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn).但也有它本身固有難以克服的缺點(diǎn),如不適用于氣量小的場(chǎng)合、穩(wěn)定工況區(qū)狹窄、易喘振等等。整個(gè)裝置的安全性、可靠性和可利用性不僅僅取決于壓縮機(jī)本身的性能,而且還取決于其控制系統(tǒng)的性能,其控制系統(tǒng)的可靠性直接影響投資巨大的后續(xù)成套裝置是否能安全運(yùn)行,因此如何有效可靠設(shè)計(jì)壓縮機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng),保證系統(tǒng)在各種負(fù)荷下安全可靠運(yùn)行,減少設(shè)備故障引起的非計(jì)劃性停車是整個(gè)機(jī)組自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵問題。 本課題以河南京寶新奧新能源有限公司制冷劑壓縮機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)為開發(fā)對(duì)象,完成了控制系統(tǒng)的架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),提出了一套離心壓縮機(jī)綜合控制策略,較全面地考慮了壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)行中可能發(fā)生的因素,使能源有效利用,解決在不同工況下,壓縮機(jī)防喘振控制的優(yōu)化問題,不但使用可變極限流量法,而且采用調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速的辦法來(lái)保證壓縮機(jī)的負(fù)荷滿足工藝上的要求。在此基礎(chǔ)上,開發(fā)了基于Intouch10.1軟件的壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)行監(jiān)控畫面,該監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)功能齊全,操作簡(jiǎn)單,人機(jī)界面友好,其中包括測(cè)點(diǎn)清單、報(bào)警畫面、聯(lián)鎖畫面、工藝畫面、開車畫面等,在開車畫面中列出了盤車邏輯等,對(duì)壓縮機(jī)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行起到了積極的作用。 通過(guò)研究,可以看出大型壓縮機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展還有很大的空間,可變極限流量法將成為防喘振控制的主要算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)汽輪機(jī)的調(diào)速等各種聯(lián)鎖停車以及油泵自啟等功能的預(yù)先監(jiān)測(cè),并提前做好處理,能夠保護(hù)機(jī)組,保證正常生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:Refrigerant compressors play an important role in the liquefied natural gas industry. In the past, our refrigerant compressors relied on imports for a long time. Since the 1970s, the Shenyang Drum Autocontrol Company has begun to make progress towards the development of refrigerant compressor for refrigerant units. Dozens of new technologies with international advanced level have been developed one after another. Enterprises in Daqing, Shanghai, Maoming and other places have provided a single unit for large refrigerant units, and the products have reached the advanced level in the world. Refrigerant compressor has the advantages of large gas treatment, small volume, simple structure, stable operation, and its compressed gas is not polluted by lubricating oil. But it also has its inherent and insurmountable shortcomings, such as not suitable for the situation of small volume of gas, narrow stable working conditions, easy surge and so on. The safety, reliability and availability of the entire unit depend not only on the performance of the compressor itself, but also on the performance of its control system, The reliability of the control system has a direct impact on the safety operation of the follow-up units with huge investment, so how to design the control system of the compressor effectively and reliably to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system under various loads, Reducing unplanned parking caused by equipment failure is a key problem in the whole automatic control system. Taking the control system of refrigerant compressor of Henan Jingbao Xinao New Energy Co., Ltd as the development object, the structure design of the control system is completed, and a set of integrated control strategy of centrifugal compressor is put forward. The factors that may occur in compressor operation are considered comprehensively to make effective use of energy and to solve the optimization problem of anti-surge control of compressor under different working conditions, not only by using variable limit flow method, but also by using variable limit flow method. And the method of adjusting speed is adopted to ensure that the load of compressor meets the requirements of process. On this basis, the compressor running monitoring screen based on Intouch10.1 software is developed. The monitoring system has complete function, simple operation, friendly man-machine interface, including measuring point list, alarm screen, interlock screen, craft picture, driving screen, etc. In the driving screen, the logic of the wheel is listed, which plays a positive role in the stable operation of the compressor system. Through research, we can see that there is still a lot of room for the development of large compressor control system. Variable limit flow method will become the main algorithm of anti-surge control. In order to protect the unit and ensure the normal production, it can realize the pre-monitoring of various interlocking shutdown functions such as speed regulation of steam turbine and the self-start of oil pump, and do a good job of handling in advance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH45;TP273

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