【摘要】：裝載機屬于鏟土運輸類工程機械，具有作業(yè)速度快、效率高、機動性好等優(yōu)點，因而成為工程現(xiàn)場施工的主要機種之一。驅(qū)動橋作為裝載機傳動系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)部件，準確的激勵載荷分析和動力學響應分析是進行驅(qū)動橋動態(tài)特性分析的基礎(chǔ)，利用虛擬樣機技術(shù)來分析預測驅(qū)動橋傳動部件的動力學響應可以提高其傳動性能、縮短研發(fā)周期等；驅(qū)動橋橋殼支撐著裝載機的荷重，并將載荷傳給車輪，并且承受來自路面和裝載機本身的各種沖擊和作用，根據(jù)實踐總結(jié)，引起橋殼破壞的主要形式是交變載荷作用下?lián)p傷長期積累而導致的疲勞失效。 本文以裝載機驅(qū)動橋為研究對象，結(jié)合浙江省科技廳重大科技專項項目（2009C11111）“輪式裝載機驅(qū)動橋關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與產(chǎn)業(yè)化”，對ZL50型驅(qū)動橋進行了動力學特性分析及橋殼疲勞壽命預測的研究。首先利用UG建立了驅(qū)動橋各零部件的三維實體模型并進行裝配，進行了其運動學和動力學理論分析�？紤]了橋殼和半軸的柔性效應，通過建立橋殼和半軸的模態(tài)中性文件將其作為柔性體，并根據(jù)裝載機某種實際行駛工況，建立輪胎和路面譜，在Adams中得到驅(qū)動橋剛?cè)狁詈隙囿w動力學仿真模型，并進行了運動學和動力學仿真分析，得到了驅(qū)動橋傳動系的一些動態(tài)特性，仿真結(jié)果與理論吻合。由于裝載機行駛工況比較復雜，本文針對驅(qū)動橋通過某種仿真路面的動力學分析對主要承載部件驅(qū)動橋殼進行了動態(tài)安全性分析，得到其動載荷文件，結(jié)合Ansys對橋殼進行了有限元靜力學分析，利用分析結(jié)果得到的橋殼的應力譜，在nSoft的疲勞分析模塊中，對橋殼進行了基于有限元模型的疲勞壽命預估，得到了橋殼疲勞壽命云圖及最低疲勞壽命。 針對上述橋殼疲勞壽命理論的計算結(jié)果，本文對裝載機驅(qū)動橋橋殼的實際工況進行了動力學測試，對采集到的載荷數(shù)據(jù)進行了詳細的分析，利用Nsoft的數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊，對測試數(shù)據(jù)進行了雨流計數(shù)處理，，得到其各采樣點應力-時間歷程的雨流/損傷直方圖和損傷時間歷程，并進行了基于實測載荷譜的橋殼疲勞壽命計算分析，最后與理論計算的結(jié)果進行了比較。 本文對裝載機驅(qū)動橋的動力學特性分析及橋殼疲勞壽命預測的研究為進一步進行驅(qū)動橋優(yōu)化設(shè)計打下了基礎(chǔ),也為其它車輛機械零部件的動力學特性分析和抗疲勞設(shè)計提供了參考。
[Abstract]:Loader is a kind of construction machinery of shoveling and transportation, which has the advantages of fast working speed, high efficiency, good mobility and so on, so it has become one of the main construction machines in engineering field. As the key structural component of the loader transmission system, the driving axle is based on the accurate analysis of the excitation load and the dynamic response of the drive axle. Using virtual prototyping technology to analyze and predict the dynamic response of drive axle transmission components can improve its transmission performance, shorten the research and development period, etc. The drive axle housing supports the load of the loader and passes the load to the wheel. And bear all kinds of impact and action from road surface and loader itself. According to practice, the main form of bridge shell failure is fatigue failure caused by long-term accumulation of damage under alternating load. This paper takes the loader drive axle as the research object, combined with the important science and technology special project of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department (2009C11111), "the key Technology Research and industrialization of the Wheel Loader Drive Axle", The dynamic characteristics of ZL50 type drive axle and the prediction of fatigue life of the axle shell are studied. Firstly, the 3D solid model of the parts of the drive axle is built and assembled by UG, and the kinematics and dynamics theory is analyzed. Considering the flexibility effect of axle shell and axle, the modal neutral file of bridge housing and half shaft is established as flexible body, and the tire and road surface spectrum are established according to some actual driving condition of loader. The multi-body dynamics simulation model of rigid and flexible coupling of drive axle is obtained in Adams. The kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis are carried out, and some dynamic characteristics of drive axle transmission system are obtained. The simulation results are in agreement with the theory. Because the driving condition of loader is quite complex, the dynamic safety analysis of driving axle shell of main bearing parts is carried out through dynamic analysis of some kind of simulated road surface in this paper, and the dynamic load file is obtained. The finite element static analysis of the bridge shell is carried out with Ansys. The fatigue life of the bridge shell is predicted based on the finite element model in the fatigue analysis module of nSoft by using the stress spectrum of the bridge shell obtained from the analysis results. The fatigue life cloud diagram and the minimum fatigue life of the bridge shell are obtained. According to the calculation results of the fatigue life theory of the axle housing mentioned above, the dynamic test of the actual working condition of the axle shell of the loader drive axle is carried out in this paper, the load data collected is analyzed in detail, and the data processing module of Nsoft is used. The rain flow / damage histogram and damage time history of each sampling point are obtained by rain flow counting, and the fatigue life of the bridge shell is calculated and analyzed based on the measured load spectrum. Finally, the results are compared with the theoretical results. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the drive axle of the loader and the prediction of fatigue life of the axle shell are studied, which lays a foundation for the further optimization design of the drive axle. It also provides reference for dynamic characteristic analysis and fatigue resistance design of other vehicle mechanical parts.
【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH243

【引證文獻】

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1 周堯;高頻沖擊下鑿巖臺車鉆臂動態(tài)特性研究[D];西南交通大學;2013年

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