【摘要】：制造業(yè)是造成環(huán)境污染和資源消耗的主要根源�，F(xiàn)階段能夠有效評估制造業(yè)資源環(huán)境屬性的方法為全生命周期評價(jià)(LCA)。清單分析作為LCA評估的重要階段,是對產(chǎn)品或活動(dòng)整個(gè)生命周期中輸入和輸出匯編和量化的過程。制造業(yè)中最典型的污染來源是機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的制造,而機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的制造過程是由一系列單元工藝組合而成,所以研究單元工藝的生命周期清單(LCI)數(shù)據(jù)具有重要意義。 本文基于現(xiàn)階段清單數(shù)據(jù)和制造工藝LCI的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,綜合分析了生命周期清單分析存在的問題,總結(jié)了清單分析的基本模型、實(shí)際分析流程,和當(dāng)前清單分析方法,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討了技術(shù)領(lǐng)域與環(huán)境領(lǐng)域中的生命周期清單數(shù)據(jù)類型。 在確定清單數(shù)據(jù)類型的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了單元工藝過程的輸入輸出的環(huán)境資源特性,如資源、能源消耗特性以及環(huán)境影響特性等,此外還分析了加工過程中工藝參數(shù)選擇對LCI數(shù)據(jù)的影響。確定了單元工藝系統(tǒng)研究的系統(tǒng)邊界以及所使用的功能單位,并討論了兩種收集量化清單數(shù)據(jù)的方法：篩選方法和深入方法。篩選方法主要是基于計(jì)算的方法,包括能量消耗計(jì)算和材料質(zhì)量損失計(jì)算；深入方法主要是通過對工藝過程實(shí)際加工現(xiàn)場的測量獲得清單數(shù)據(jù),包括時(shí)間研究、功率研究、消耗研究和排放研究。本文主要采用篩選方法來研究單元工藝生命周期的清單數(shù)據(jù),歸納出工藝參數(shù)以及單元工藝輸入對工藝過程清單數(shù)據(jù)的具體影響值�；诤Y選方法,以車削、銑削、鉆削三大切削工藝為研究對象,對單元工藝生命周期清單中涉及到的能耗、材料損失、廢切削液和廢潤滑液等數(shù)據(jù)類型,分別建立了數(shù)據(jù)模型。 最后,分別對車削工藝和鉆削工藝的加工實(shí)例進(jìn)行分析,驗(yàn)證了清單數(shù)據(jù)模型在實(shí)際加工中的可行性。得到的數(shù)據(jù)清單可以在零件加工之前判斷其是否滿足綠色特性要求,不滿足時(shí)可根據(jù)具體要求更改工藝參數(shù)使之達(dá)到要求,如此便可減少制造工藝加工過程的資源消耗和環(huán)境影響,實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色制造。
[Abstract]:Manufacturing industry is the main source of environmental pollution and resource consumption. At present, the method that can effectively evaluate the attribute of manufacturing resources and environment is the whole life cycle evaluation of (LCA). Inventory analysis, as an important stage of LCA evaluation, is the process of compiling and quantifying input and output throughout the life cycle of a product or activity. The most typical source of pollution in manufacturing industry is the manufacture of electromechanical products, and the manufacturing process of electromechanical products is composed of a series of unit processes, so it is of great significance to study the (LCI) data of life cycle list of unit processes. Based on the current research status of inventory data and manufacturing process LCI at home and abroad, this paper comprehensively analyzes the problems existing in life cycle list analysis, summarizes the basic model of inventory analysis, the actual analysis flow, and the current inventory analysis methods. On this basis, the life cycle inventory data types in the field of technology and environment are discussed. Based on the determination of the type of inventory data, the characteristics of environmental resources, such as resources, energy consumption characteristics and environmental impact characteristics, are studied for the input and output of the unit process, In addition, the influence of process parameters selection on LCI data is analyzed. The system boundary and the functional units used in the research of the unit process system are determined. Two methods to collect the quantitative inventory data are discussed: the screening method and the in-depth method. The screening method is mainly based on calculation, including energy consumption calculation and material mass loss calculation, while the in-depth method is mainly based on the measurement of the actual processing site of the process to obtain inventory data, including time research, power research, Consumption and emission studies. In this paper, the selection method is used to study the inventory data of the unit process life cycle, and the process parameters and the specific influence values of the unit process input on the process list data are summarized. Based on the screening method, the data models are established for the data types of energy consumption, material loss, waste cutting fluid and waste lubricating fluid, which are involved in the life cycle list of unit process, taking the three cutting processes of turning, milling and drilling as the research object. Finally, the machining examples of turning process and drilling process are analyzed, and the feasibility of inventory data model in actual machining is verified. The obtained data list can be used to determine whether the parts meet the green requirements before processing, and to change the process parameters according to the specific requirements to meet the requirements when they are not met. In this way, the resource consumption and environmental impact of manufacturing process can be reduced, and green manufacturing can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH16

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本文編號：2210632