【摘要】：不平衡轉子的自同步現(xiàn)象為振動技術的應用提供了新途徑,并導致了振動利用工程的確立。目前,各類自同步振動機已經廣泛應用于工業(yè)生產中,如：自同步給料機、自同步輸送機、自同步概率篩等。這些振動機都是工作在遠共振狀態(tài)或近共振狀態(tài)。對于遠共振式振動機,其工作頻率為2-10倍的系統(tǒng)固有頻率,隔振性能良好,但同時所需的激振力較大。另外,隨著處理物料量的增加,工作振幅略有下降。而近共振式振動機的工作頻率在0.95到1.05倍的系統(tǒng)固有頻率范圍內,所需激振力較小,但同時傳遞給基礎的動載荷很大。另外,當處理物料的量偏離設計值時,工作振幅大大降低。 本文提出了一種新型的雙機驅動振動機結構,振動機是由物料箱剛體和支撐剛體組成的組合結構,而兩個偏心轉子設置兩種安裝形式。一種安裝形式為沿水平面對稱安裝,兩個偏心轉子的旋轉中心位于y軸上,旋轉平面關于垂直面xoz對稱。這種安裝形式下,物料箱有水平x、y方向、垂直z方向以及繞z軸旋轉ψ方向四個自由度,支撐剛體僅有垂直z方向自由度。另一種安裝形式為沿垂直軸對稱安裝,兩個偏心轉子的旋轉中心位于z軸上,旋轉平面關于水平面xoy對稱。這種安裝形式下,物料箱有水平x、y方向、垂直z方向三個自由度,支撐剛體僅有垂直z方向自由度。為了減小振動機z方向振動對基礎的影響,對振動機結構進行了隔振處理。當工作頻率小于系統(tǒng)z方向的固有頻率時,此類振動機的固有頻率隨所處理物料量的增加而減小,激振頻率與z方向固有頻率比向1接近,該方向振幅則隨處理物料量的增加而增加,從而適應生產線上變給料量的要求。結合數值計算分析和計算機仿真,本文研究了此類振動系統(tǒng)的自同步問題,主要完成了以下幾個方面的工作： (1)利用拉格朗日方程建立了偏心轉子兩種安裝形式下振動系統(tǒng)及隔振振動系統(tǒng)的運動微分方程。對于隔振振動系統(tǒng)的運動微分方程,利用傳遞函數法求出了耦合方程的解析解。 (2)提出了此類振動系統(tǒng)的自同步理論。首先,通過引入兩偏心轉子的角速度波動系數并將其作為小參數,對振動系統(tǒng)進行無量綱處理,得到了兩偏心轉子的無量綱耦合方程；然后,由無量綱耦合方程的零解存在得到了振動系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)同步條件；最后,根據Routh-Hurwitz判據得到振動系統(tǒng)同步運行的穩(wěn)定性條件。 (3)定義了此類振動系統(tǒng)的同步能力系數。通過數值計算方法,分析了系統(tǒng)同步能力系數與系統(tǒng)結構參數的關系,并驗證了系統(tǒng)同步運行狀態(tài)下的穩(wěn)定性。 (4)對此類振動系統(tǒng)進行了計算機仿真,得到了振動系統(tǒng)從啟動到穩(wěn)態(tài)運行時,兩電機轉速、兩偏心轉子相位差以及振動系統(tǒng)各方向位移等計算結果,驗證了上述理論的正確性。
[Abstract]:The self-synchronization of unbalanced rotor provides a new way for the application of vibration technology and leads to the establishment of vibration utilization engineering. At present, various kinds of self-synchronous vibration machines have been widely used in industrial production, such as: self-synchronous feeder, self-synchronous conveyor, self-synchronous probability screen and so on. These vibration machines all work in the far resonance state or near resonance state. For the far resonance vibration machine, the natural frequency of the system is 2-10 times, and the isolation performance is good, but the excitation force required is larger at the same time. In addition, with the increase of the amount of material treated, the working amplitude decreased slightly. But the operating frequency of the near-resonance vibration machine is in the range of 0.95 to 1.05 times of the system natural frequency, the excitation force is small, but the dynamic load transmitted to the foundation is very large at the same time. In addition, when the amount of material processed deviates from the design value, the working amplitude is greatly reduced. In this paper, a new type of two-machine driven vibration machine structure is proposed, which is composed of rigid body of material box and supporting rigid body, and two eccentric rotors are installed in two kinds of installation forms. One type of installation is symmetrical installation along the horizontal plane. The rotation center of the two eccentric rotors is located on the y axis and the rotating plane is xoz symmetry on the vertical plane. In this installation mode, the material box has four degrees of freedom: horizontal x y direction, vertical z direction and rotating 蠄 direction around z axis, and the supporting rigid body has only vertical z direction freedom. The other is the vertical axisymmetric installation in which the center of rotation of the two eccentric rotors is located on the z axis and the rotating plane is symmetrical to the horizontal plane xoy. In this installation mode, the material box has three degrees of freedom in the horizontal xy direction, the vertical z direction, and the supporting rigid body has only the vertical z direction degree of freedom. In order to reduce the effect of vibration in z direction on the foundation, vibration isolation is carried out on the vibration machine structure. When the operating frequency is less than the natural frequency in the z direction of the system, the natural frequency of this kind of vibration machine decreases with the increase of the material quantity, and the exciting frequency is close to the natural frequency in the z direction. The amplitude of this direction increases with the increase of the material quantity, which can meet the requirement of variable feed quantity on the production line. Combined with numerical analysis and computer simulation, the self-synchronization problem of this kind of vibration system is studied in this paper. The main works are as follows: (1) the differential equations of motion of vibration system and vibration isolation system under two kinds of installation forms of eccentric rotor are established by using Lagrange equation. For the motion differential equation of vibration isolation system, the analytical solution of the coupling equation is obtained by using the transfer function method. (2) the self-synchronization theory of this kind of vibration system is proposed. Firstly, by introducing the angular velocity fluctuation coefficient of two eccentric rotors and taking it as a small parameter, the dimensionless coupling equation of two eccentric rotors is obtained by dimensionless processing. From the existence of zero solution of the dimensionless coupling equation, the synchronization condition of the vibration system is obtained. Finally, according to the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, the stability conditions for the synchronous operation of the vibration system are obtained. (3) the synchronization ability coefficient of the vibration system is defined. The relationship between system synchronization capability coefficient and system structure parameters is analyzed by numerical method, and the stability of the system under synchronous operation is verified. (4) computer simulation of this kind of vibration system is carried out. The calculation results of the speed of two motors, the phase difference of two eccentric rotors and the displacement of the vibration system from start-up to steady state operation are obtained, and the correctness of the above theory is verified.
【學位授予單位】：東北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH113.1

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