發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-21 11:35

【摘要】：本文以石墨粉、Cu10Sn合金粉為原料，采用粉末冶金法制備了石墨含量為0~3wt.%的Cu10Sn/石墨復(fù)合材料和Cu10Sn/鍍銅石墨復(fù)合材料（鍍銅石墨粉采用化學(xué)鍍工藝）。較為系統(tǒng)的研究了石墨含量、石墨粉粒徑以及表面修飾鍍銅層厚度對(duì)復(fù)合材料物理性能、力學(xué)性能以及摩擦磨損性能的影響，用掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）、X射線能譜儀（EDS）等對(duì)微觀形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析，并探討了不同載荷下復(fù)合材料的摩擦磨損機(jī)理。 研究結(jié)果表明：（1）添加石墨粉可以明顯改善材料的摩擦學(xué)性能，隨著石墨含量的增加，復(fù)合材料的摩擦系數(shù)均明顯下降，范圍從0.4~0.5下降到0.2~0.3；但這種下降趨勢隨著石墨濃度的增加，特別是高于2.5wt.%時(shí)，變得越來越�。慌c此同時(shí)磨損量也有顯著降低。然而，石墨的添加降低了材料的力學(xué)性能，當(dāng)石墨含量由0.5wt.%增加至3wt.%時(shí)，抗壓強(qiáng)度降低了約50%。（2）石墨粒徑影響材料性能，當(dāng)石墨含量高于1wt.%時(shí)，材料的各方面性能均隨石墨粒徑的增大而提高，，石墨含量為3wt.%時(shí)，這種差別尤為明顯。（3）石墨表面的銅鍍層是以形核方式長大的，而不是細(xì)小銅顆粒的堆疊。石墨表面涂層對(duì)復(fù)合材料性能有較大影響。石墨表面鍍銅層較薄時(shí)(MC: MCu＜1:1)，復(fù)合材料的性能較未鍍覆時(shí)沒有明顯的變化，當(dāng)MC: MCu=1:1時(shí)，材料在密度和相對(duì)密度上都有所提高，同時(shí)，抗壓強(qiáng)度提高了約5~10%，摩擦系數(shù)也有顯著的降低，同時(shí)磨損量在100N載荷下也有大幅度降低，約15~25%；而繼續(xù)增加鍍層厚度，材料的相對(duì)密度、硬度等均有所下降，使得摩擦與機(jī)械性能反而急劇下降。（4）在低載荷（30、50N）下，復(fù)合材料主要的磨損機(jī)制是相對(duì)輕微的磨料磨損，而在高載荷（100N）下，呈現(xiàn)較為嚴(yán)重的磨料磨損；在低石墨濃度（低于1wt.%）下，主要磨損機(jī)制是嚴(yán)重的粘著磨損，在高石墨濃度（高于2.5wt.%）下，是相對(duì)輕微的粘著磨損。此外，石墨鍍銅層過厚（MC: MCu=1:2）及粒徑為20μm時(shí)，還會(huì)發(fā)生疲勞磨損的現(xiàn)象。磨損機(jī)制主要受載荷和石墨濃度兩方面的影響；不同材料的磨損機(jī)制相近，主要是磨損程度有所不同。
[Abstract]:In this paper, Cu10Sn/ graphite composites and Cu10Sn/ copper-coated graphite composites with graphite content of 0 ~ 3wt.% were prepared by powder metallurgy from graphite powder Cu10Sn alloy powder. The effects of graphite content, graphite particle size and the thickness of surface modified copper coating on the physical properties, mechanical properties and friction and wear properties of composites were studied systematically. The microstructure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS), and the friction and wear mechanisms of the composites under different loads were discussed. The results show that: (1) the tribological properties of the composites can be improved obviously by adding graphite powder. With the increase of graphite content, the friction coefficient of the composites decreases obviously, and the range of friction coefficient decreases from 0.4 ~ (0.5) to 0.2 ~ (3); However, with the increase of graphite concentration, especially when the graphite concentration is higher than 2.5 wt.%, the decreasing trend becomes smaller and smaller, and at the same time, the amount of wear decreases significantly. However, the addition of graphite reduced the mechanical properties of the material. When the content of graphite increased from 0.5 wt.% to 3 wt.%, the compressive strength decreased by about 50%. (2) the size of graphite affected the properties of the material, and when the content of graphite was higher than 1 wt.%, The properties of the materials increase with the increase of graphite particle size, especially when the graphite content is 3wt.%. (3) the copper coating on graphite surface grows in nucleation rather than stacking of fine copper particles. Graphite coating has great influence on the properties of composites. When the copper coating on graphite surface is thin (MC: MCu < 1:1), the properties of composites have no obvious change compared with those without coating. When MC: MCu=1:1 is used, the density and relative density of the composites are improved, and at the same time, The compressive strength has been increased by about 5% and the friction coefficient has also been significantly reduced, and the wear amount has also decreased by a large margin under 100N load, about 15 ~ 25%, while the relative density and hardness of the material have decreased with the increasing of the coating thickness. The friction and mechanical properties decreased sharply. (4) the main wear mechanism of the composites was relatively slight abrasive wear at low load (30 ~ 50N), but severe abrasive wear at high load (100N), and at low graphite concentration (less than 1wt.%). The main wear mechanism is severe adhesion wear, which is relatively slight at high graphite concentration (> 2.5 wt.%). In addition, when the graphite copper coating is too thick (MC: MCu=1:2) and the particle size is 20 渭 m, fatigue wear will occur. The wear mechanism is mainly affected by load and graphite concentration, and the wear mechanism of different materials is similar, mainly due to the different wear degree.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.31;TB333

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