【摘要】：功能材料因其成本低、性能穩(wěn)定、制造歷史悠久現(xiàn)已成為先進制造技術的主要應用材料之一，而其中的壓電材料更是因為其優(yōu)良的特性得到了廣泛的應用，并由此開發(fā)出了許多驅(qū)動與控制器件，壓電泵作為其中的產(chǎn)品之一近年來也已獲得了長足的發(fā)展，壓電泵是利用壓電材料的逆壓電效應使壓電振子產(chǎn)生彎曲變形,再由變形產(chǎn)生泵腔的容積變化來實現(xiàn)流體輸出或者利用壓電振子產(chǎn)生波動來傳輸液體。進而實現(xiàn)了結構簡單、體積小、重量輕、耗能低、安裝使用方便等優(yōu)點,并可根據(jù)實際需要通過調(diào)節(jié)輸入的電壓或頻率值來控制輸出流體的流量和壓力。壓電泵也在小型移動設備、CPU及顯示卡的冷卻系統(tǒng)、游戲機控制板、刀片服務器、光生伏打電池、家電、醫(yī)療器械（胰島素泵等）、石化設備、汽車和航空電子設備的水冷系統(tǒng)等諸多領域得到了應用，由于其突出的優(yōu)點，近年來關于壓電泵的研究也已受到了廣泛的關注，而就目前而言，壓電泵還存在輸出流量低、穩(wěn)定性差、最大輸出壓力低、壽命短、氣泡現(xiàn)象明顯、自吸性較差等諸多關鍵技術問題，，就其發(fā)展而言，仍任重而道遠！ 1.緒論 論述了壓電泵的發(fā)展歷程與國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，突出介紹了壓電泵的組成及各組成部分對壓電泵的綜合性能的影響規(guī)律，并對其做了理論分析，對壓電泵的分類做了簡單介紹，并提出了壓電泵的關鍵技術問題，最后強調(diào)了被動閥的特性以及對壓電泵輸出性能的重要影響，基于此，提出了本文的研究重點，即以被動輪式閥為研究方向，通過閥的合理設計來尋求提高壓電泵輸出性能的方法。 2.閥的限位與預緊 主要介紹了壓電泵輸出流量的計算方法，并與實驗測試進行對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)實際流量與理論計算值存在較大差距，并就此現(xiàn)象進行了理論分析，考慮到近似計算時忽略了閥的工作狀態(tài)對壓電泵輸出特性的影響，因此提出導致實際流量值與理論計算相差較大的原因是被動閥的效率低所致，本文試圖采用對閥施加限位與預緊的方法進行優(yōu)化，改變閥片的開啟壓力和最大開啟高度，減少反向泄露，以達到提高閥的工作效率的目的，并根據(jù)不同預緊高度、不同限位高度進行正交試驗，結論表明：合理的限位與預緊可以提高壓電泵的整體輸出性能。 3.多閥泵的理論分析與實驗測試 基于流體與結構存在耦合關系，推導了流固耦合產(chǎn)生的附加阻尼計算公式，計算了阻力系數(shù)，由阻尼系數(shù)計算公式可知：阻尼系數(shù)與腔體高度的3次方成反比，與驅(qū)動器直徑的4次方成正比，隨閥孔與驅(qū)動器的半徑比成對數(shù)增加，在驅(qū)動器半徑，腔體高度確定的情況下，可以通過增加閥孔的水力直徑的方式減小阻力系數(shù)，基于此設想對入口閥采用三閥并聯(lián)的方式進行設計，保證單個閥片阻力不變的情況下增大整體的等效直徑，從而減小阻尼，以達到減小能量損失增大壓電泵的輸出流量與最佳工作頻率的目的，并對單閥泵與三閥并聯(lián)泵進行了實驗測試，結果顯示：通過對入口閥進行并聯(lián)設計可以有效的減小其阻尼系數(shù)，由于能量損失降低，壓電泵最終的輸出性能增強。 4.閥的匹配實驗 通過對壓電振子的輸出特性進行理論分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：在壓電振子尺寸固定以及輸入激勵不變的情況下，壓電振子的輸入功率基本不變，而決定壓電泵最終的輸出能力則取決于閥片的效率，而分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：增加閥片的開度并非一定能讓壓電泵的輸出流量有所提升，經(jīng)仿真分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，當閥片的開度增大到一定程度的情況下，泵腔內(nèi)的壓力變化趨緩，此時繼續(xù)增大閥片的開度反而會導致壓電泵的輸出流量降低，這是由于因滯后現(xiàn)象明顯從而反向泄露增加所致，經(jīng)試驗測試表明：通過改變閥孔的大小、閥孔與閥堵的尺寸匹配、不同厚度閥片的剛度匹配，壓電泵的輸出流量大大提高。試驗結果顯示：在其它結構參數(shù)不變的情況下存在一種最佳的閥孔尺寸使得壓電泵的輸出流量最大，對于閥片與閥堵配合尺寸也是如此，另外，對不同厚度閥片進行剛度匹配可以使得壓電泵的輸出流量最大。當入口閥厚度0.075mm；中間閥厚度0.18mm；出口閥厚度0.075mm時，泵的輸出性能最好，最大流量為635.46ml/min,最佳頻率為190Hz。 5.35型雙腔壓電泵的樣機試制與性能測試 以f35型雙腔串聯(lián)壓電泵為試驗樣機，對雙腔串聯(lián)壓電泵進行了原理分析，并對泵的壓力、流量、自吸性進行了測試，結果表明：經(jīng)過閥的合理匹配，該泵在130V驅(qū)動電壓下，最大流量可達到678ml/min,零流量時的輸出壓力可達32kpa，最佳頻率為200Hz，同時最大自吸高度可達到40cm。
[Abstract]:Because of its low cost, stable performance and long manufacturing history, functional materials have become one of the main application materials of advanced manufacturing technology, and piezoelectric materials have been widely used because of its excellent characteristics, and many drive and control devices have been developed. Piezoelectric pumps as one of the products have also been obtained in recent years. Piezoelectric pumps have made great progress. Piezoelectric pumps use the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials to bend the piezoelectric oscillator, and then change the volume of the pump cavity to achieve fluid output or use the piezoelectric oscillator to generate fluctuations to transfer liquid. Piezoelectric pumps are also used in small mobile devices, CPU and display card cooling systems, console boards, blade servers, photovoltaic batteries, household appliances, medical devices (insulin pumps, etc.), petrochemical equipment, automobiles and avionics. The water-cooling system of the equipment has been applied in many fields. Because of its outstanding advantages, the research on piezoelectric pump has been paid more and more attention in recent years. At present, the piezoelectric pump still has many key problems, such as low output flow, poor stability, low maximum output pressure, short service life, obvious bubble phenomenon, poor self-priming and so on. As far as its development is concerned, it still has a long way to go.
1. introduction
This paper discusses the development history of piezoelectric pumps and the present research situation at home and abroad, highlights the composition of piezoelectric pumps and the impact of each component on the comprehensive performance of piezoelectric pumps, and makes a theoretical analysis of the piezoelectric pumps, a brief introduction to the classification of piezoelectric pumps, and puts forward the key technical issues of piezoelectric pumps, and finally emphasizes the characteristics of passive valves. And the important influence on the output performance of the piezoelectric pump, based on this, the research emphasis of this paper is put forward, that is, to find the method to improve the output performance of the piezoelectric pump through the reasonable design of the passive wheel valve.
Limit and pretightening of 2. valves
This paper mainly introduces the calculation method of the output flow of piezoelectric pump and compares it with the experimental test. It is found that there is a big gap between the actual flow and the theoretical value. The theoretical analysis is made on this phenomenon. Considering that the influence of the working state of the valve on the output characteristics of the piezoelectric pump is neglected in the approximate calculation, the value and theory leading to the actual flow are proposed. The reason for the great difference in calculation is the low efficiency of the passive valve. This paper tries to optimize the valve by applying limit and pre-tightening method, changing the opening pressure and maximum opening height of the valve disc, reducing reverse leakage, so as to improve the efficiency of the valve and orthogonalizing the valve according to different pre-tightening heights and different limit heights. The test results show that the reasonable limit and pre tightening can improve the overall output performance of the high voltage electric pump.
Theoretical analysis and experimental test of 3. multi valve pump
Based on the coupling relationship between fluid and structure, the formulas for calculating the additional damping caused by fluid-structure coupling are deduced and the resistance coefficient is calculated. From the formulas for calculating the damping coefficient, the damping coefficient is inversely proportional to the third power of the cavity height, and is proportional to the fourth power of the diameter of the actuator. When the radius and the height of the cavity are fixed, the resistance coefficient can be reduced by increasing the hydraulic diameter of the valve orifice. Based on this assumption, the inlet valve is designed in parallel with three valves to increase the overall equivalent diameter without changing the resistance of a single valve slice, thereby reducing the damping and reducing the energy loss and increasing the pressure. The experimental results show that the damping coefficient can be effectively reduced by parallel design of the inlet valve, and the final output performance of the piezoelectric pump is enhanced due to the reduction of energy loss.
Matching experiment of 4. valves
Through the theoretical analysis of the output characteristics of piezoelectric oscillator, it is found that the input power of piezoelectric oscillator is basically unchanged when the size of piezoelectric oscillator is fixed and the input excitation is unchanged, and the final output capacity of piezoelectric pump depends on the efficiency of the valve. The analysis shows that increasing the opening of the valve does not necessarily make piezoelectric. The output flow of the pump has been increased. The simulation results show that when the opening of the valve slice increases to a certain extent, the pressure change in the pump cavity slows down. At this time, the output flow of the piezoelectric pump will decrease if the opening of the valve slice continues to increase. This is due to the obvious phenomenon of hysteresis and the increase of reverse leakage. The test table shows that Ming: By changing the size of the valve hole, the size of the valve hole and the valve plug matching, the stiffness of the different thickness of the valve plate matching, the output flow of the piezoelectric pump greatly improved. In addition, the output flow of the piezoelectric pump can be maximized by matching the stiffness of the valve plates with different thicknesses. When the inlet valve thickness is 0.075 mm, the intermediate valve thickness is 0.18 mm, and the outlet valve thickness is 0.075 mm, the output performance of the pump is the best, the maximum flow rate is 635.46 ml/min, and the optimal frequency is 190Hz.
Prototype manufacture and performance test of 5.35 type double cavity piezoelectric pump
Taking F35 series piezoelectric pump with two cavities as the experimental prototype, the principle of the pump is analyzed, and the pressure, flow and self-priming of the pump are tested. The results show that the maximum flow rate can reach 678 ml/min under 130V driving voltage, and the output pressure can reach 32 kPa at zero flow rate and the optimum frequency is 20. 0Hz, and the maximum self suction height can reach 40cm..
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH38

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