【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展,為適應(yīng)工程施工及物流運(yùn)輸?shù)男枰?塔式起重機(jī)的型式朝著塔身更高、塔臂更長(zhǎng)的方向發(fā)展,而起重量也朝著更重的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。這也給塔式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與安全操作帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn)。因塔身更高,結(jié)構(gòu)受到風(fēng)荷載的影響也越大,那么再按以往將風(fēng)做靜力考慮是不合時(shí)宜的；因塔臂更長(zhǎng)、起重量更重,塔式起重機(jī)在服役過(guò)程中機(jī)械操作帶來(lái)的沖擊激勵(lì)造成的影響也更劇烈。上述兩類外激勵(lì)均會(huì)造成結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng),而對(duì)于這類振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的分析在塔式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與制造以及安全操作方面具有指導(dǎo)意義。本文以QTZ25塔式起重機(jī)為例,進(jìn)行分析討論。 在建立該塔吊模型時(shí),本文將少自由度法與有限元法相結(jié)合以簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)自由度數(shù)目,再利用ANSYS有限元軟件建立此簡(jiǎn)化模型。并選取起升工況、卸載工況、00風(fēng)工況、90°風(fēng)工況、起升與0°風(fēng)工況、卸載與0°風(fēng)工況、起升與900風(fēng)工況、卸載與900風(fēng)工況進(jìn)行分析。其中,對(duì)于起升與卸載工況中的沖擊激勵(lì)運(yùn)用動(dòng)載系數(shù)法,參照《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB3811-2008)求出沖擊系數(shù)進(jìn)而得到?jīng)_擊激勵(lì)；對(duì)于風(fēng)載,本文運(yùn)用線性濾波法自回歸技術(shù)模擬出脈動(dòng)風(fēng)進(jìn)而得到各工況所需風(fēng)載。為簡(jiǎn)便直觀的比較分析結(jié)果,本文在激勵(lì)施加方式與施加時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)上采用三段式的方式,將其分為初始平穩(wěn)、沖擊以及振動(dòng)響應(yīng)三個(gè)階段。 在分析結(jié)果時(shí),對(duì)于起升工況與卸載工況,本文提取起重臂上8個(gè)點(diǎn)的位移響應(yīng)來(lái)分析沖擊激勵(lì)對(duì)起重臂的影響；而在分析其余6種工況時(shí),本文則采用對(duì)整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析的方法,但為了簡(jiǎn)化工程量和提高效率,僅提取塔式起重機(jī)9個(gè)點(diǎn)(沿塔身6個(gè)點(diǎn),順?biāo)?個(gè)點(diǎn))來(lái)觀察各工況下的位移響應(yīng)。又應(yīng)力變化對(duì)分析結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)亦至關(guān)重要,而塔式起重機(jī)為各個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)節(jié)拼裝而成,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)節(jié)截面的應(yīng)力變化對(duì)分析塔式起重機(jī)因振動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生安全隱患有著一定的價(jià)值。故本文提取塔吊各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)節(jié)連接處55個(gè)截面的應(yīng)力時(shí)程響應(yīng)進(jìn)行觀察。 在對(duì)選取的位移響應(yīng)及應(yīng)力響應(yīng)進(jìn)行比較分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)：在沖擊激勵(lì)作用下,起重臂上振動(dòng)幅度由遠(yuǎn)到近減小,且起重臂與拉桿連接處以及起重臂與塔身連接處的應(yīng)力較大。在風(fēng)載作用下,沿塔身從低至高,位移振動(dòng)規(guī)律一致,幅度則增大。在風(fēng)載與沖擊激勵(lì)耦合作用下,當(dāng)風(fēng)向與沖擊激勵(lì)作用面平行時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)會(huì)發(fā)生突變,且起升耦合工況的幅度最大；而風(fēng)向與沖擊激勵(lì)作用面垂直時(shí)的結(jié)果與風(fēng)單獨(dú)作用時(shí)一致。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, in order to meet the needs of engineering construction and logistics transportation, the tower crane type develops towards the direction of higher tower body and longer tower arm, and the lifting weight also moves towards the heavier target. This also brings challenges to the design calculation and safe operation of tower crane. Because the tower is taller and the structure is more affected by the wind load, it is not appropriate to consider the wind statically again in the past; because the tower arm is longer and the lifting weight is heavier, The impact caused by mechanical operation of tower crane is more severe. Both kinds of external excitations can cause structural vibration, and the analysis of these vibration responses is of great significance in the design, manufacture and safe operation of tower cranes. This paper takes QTZ25 tower crane as an example to analyze and discuss. In order to simplify the number of degrees of freedom of the structure, the method of less degrees of freedom is combined with the finite element method when the tower crane model is established, and the simplified model is established by using ANSYS finite element software. At the same time, the lifting condition, the unloading condition and the 90 擄wind condition, the lifting and the 0 擄wind condition, the unloading and the 0 擄wind condition, the lifting and 900 wind condition, the unloading and the 900 wind condition are selected and analyzed. Among them, the dynamic load coefficient method is used to calculate the impact coefficient according to the Crane Design Code (GB3811-2008) for the impact excitation in the lifting and unloading conditions, and for the wind load, the impact coefficient can be obtained by using the dynamic load coefficient method. In this paper, the method of linear filter autoregressive is used to simulate the pulsating wind and get the required wind load. In order to compare and analyze the results easily and intuitively, this paper adopts a three-stage method in the design of excitation and application time, which is divided into three stages: initial stationary, shock and vibration response. In the analysis of the results, for lifting and unloading conditions, the displacement response of 8 points on the boom is extracted to analyze the effect of shock excitation on the boom, while the other six conditions are analyzed. In this paper, the method of analyzing the whole structure is adopted, but in order to simplify the engineering quantity and improve the efficiency, only 9 points (6 points along the tower body and 3 points along the tower arm) are extracted to observe the displacement response of the tower crane under various working conditions. The stress change is also very important to the analysis of the structural vibration response, and the tower crane is composed of each standard section, and the stress change of the standard section is of certain value to the analysis of the hidden safety problems caused by the vibration of the tower crane. In this paper, the stress response of 55 sections at the joint of standard joints of tower crane is observed. After comparing and analyzing the displacement response and stress response, it is found that the vibration amplitude of the lifting arm decreases from far to near under the impact excitation, and the stress is larger at the connection between the lifting arm and the pull rod and the connection between the lifting arm and the tower body. Under the action of wind load, the displacement vibration law is consistent and the amplitude increases along the tower body from low to high. Under the coupling of wind load and shock excitation, when the wind direction is parallel to the impact excitation surface, the vibration response of the structure will change, and the amplitude of the lifting coupling condition will be the largest. When the wind direction is perpendicular to the impact excitation surface, the results are consistent with those of the wind acting alone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH213.3

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