主動磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)中新型保護(hù)軸承的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 19:58
【摘要】：在磁懸浮軸承系統(tǒng)中，需要一套保護(hù)軸承作為磁懸浮軸承失效后轉(zhuǎn)子的臨時支撐，保護(hù)設(shè)備不受損壞。傳統(tǒng)保護(hù)軸承往往無法支撐超高速轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)，且難以承受轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后所帶來的振動和沖擊。針對傳統(tǒng)保護(hù)軸承的不足，本文提出了將雙層滾珠軸承作為保護(hù)軸承來使用，并進(jìn)行了一系列相關(guān)研究。 在雙層滾珠軸承作為保護(hù)軸承使用之前，首先對其力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了分析�；跀M靜力學(xué)原理，在考慮軸承所承受的徑向載荷、軸向載荷、滾珠自身離心力以及陀螺力矩聯(lián)合載荷作用下，建立了雙層滾珠軸承的力學(xué)模型，基于MATLAB平臺，編制了單、雙層滾珠軸承力學(xué)特性分析的計(jì)算程序，并研究了相關(guān)參數(shù)對軸承力學(xué)特性的影響，最后搭建了轉(zhuǎn)子—軸承系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)平臺，對仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。研究結(jié)果表明：內(nèi)外層軸承節(jié)徑比直接影響到雙層滾珠軸承的轉(zhuǎn)速分配；在相同的工作狀態(tài)下，相對于單層滾珠軸承，雙層滾珠軸承具有較小的徑向和軸向支撐剛度；外載荷和工作轉(zhuǎn)速影響著單、雙層角接觸球軸承的滾珠接觸角的變化，滾珠的離心力使得滾珠與相應(yīng)的內(nèi)、外滾道間的接觸角不再相等；外載荷、工作轉(zhuǎn)速、滾珠材料、溝曲率半徑和滾珠初始接觸角對單、雙層角接觸球軸承軸向和徑向變形均有一定的影響；徑向游隙、工作轉(zhuǎn)速和徑向載荷對單、雙層深溝球軸承的徑向變形存在一定的影響。 在對雙層滾珠軸承力學(xué)特性研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對轉(zhuǎn)子跌落到彈性阻尼器支撐下的雙層滾珠軸承上的動力學(xué)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究。分別建立了磁懸浮軸承失效前后轉(zhuǎn)子的動力學(xué)模型、磁懸浮軸承支撐模型、轉(zhuǎn)子—內(nèi)圈碰撞模型、滾珠的受力模型以及雙層軸承的實(shí)時支撐彈性力模型，根據(jù)所建立的模型，對在不同參數(shù)下，磁懸浮軸承失效后各部分的動力學(xué)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算，并在一個五自由度磁懸浮軸承試驗(yàn)臺上進(jìn)行相關(guān)的跌落試驗(yàn)研究。研究結(jié)果表明：與傳統(tǒng)保護(hù)軸承相比，雙層滾珠軸承作為保護(hù)軸承的使用能有效地降低轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后轉(zhuǎn)子與內(nèi)圈之間的碰撞力、內(nèi)層滾珠的最大接觸應(yīng)力和發(fā)熱量；在實(shí)際使用中，可以通過改變內(nèi)、外層軸承的組合來調(diào)節(jié)雙層軸承受轉(zhuǎn)子跌落沖擊后的內(nèi)、外層滾珠的最大接觸應(yīng)力；為了保證轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后，保護(hù)軸承滾珠在許用應(yīng)力范圍內(nèi)，轉(zhuǎn)子的工作轉(zhuǎn)速及偏心距不能超出其安全區(qū)域范圍；從降低轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后的碰撞力出發(fā)，應(yīng)該盡量減小轉(zhuǎn)子與保護(hù)軸承內(nèi)圈之間的摩擦系數(shù)、選擇合適的保護(hù)間隙和保護(hù)軸承的支撐阻尼；當(dāng)使用內(nèi)層為面對面安裝的角接觸球軸承的雙層滾珠軸承作為保護(hù)軸承使用時，內(nèi)層軸承應(yīng)具有較大滾珠初始接觸角和較小軸向預(yù)緊力；當(dāng)選用深溝球軸承組成的雙層滾珠軸承作為保護(hù)軸承使用時，應(yīng)盡量選取較大的軸承游隙等級；與鋁材相比，選用密度較大的45鋼作為雙層軸承的中圈轉(zhuǎn)接環(huán)材料具有更好的緩沖性能；在保證轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后保護(hù)軸承的滾珠最大接觸應(yīng)力不超出最大許用應(yīng)力范圍的前提下，應(yīng)盡量選擇輕薄系列的滾動軸承來組合雙層軸承；當(dāng)將公差環(huán)安裝在保護(hù)軸承系統(tǒng)中時，可以通過改變公差環(huán)的材料厚度、突起個數(shù)等參數(shù)來調(diào)整支撐特性，，以提高其工作性能；金屬橡膠環(huán)的加入能有效地緩沖了轉(zhuǎn)子跌落后的對保護(hù)軸承的沖擊；公差環(huán)和金屬橡膠環(huán)的減振效果均得到了證明，但從經(jīng)濟(jì)性和裝配的難易性出發(fā)，應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇公差環(huán)作為保護(hù)軸承系統(tǒng)中的彈性阻尼器來使用；保護(hù)軸承的破壞性試驗(yàn)證明合適彈性阻尼器支撐下的雙層軸承具有更長的壽命，且破壞性試驗(yàn)過程中軸承的損壞形式均為保持架碎裂。
[Abstract]:In the magnetic suspension bearing system, a set of protective bearings is needed as the temporary support of the rotor after the magnetic suspension bearing fails. The protection equipment is not damaged. The traditional protective bearings can not support the rotation of the ultra high speed rotor, and it is difficult to withstand the vibration and shock caused by the fall of the rotor. Double ball bearings are used as protection bearings and a series of related researches have been carried out.
Before the application of double ball bearing as protective bearing, the mechanical characteristics of the double ball bearing were analyzed. Based on the principle of pseudo statics, the mechanical model of the double layer ball bearing was established under the action of radial load, axial load, centrifugal force of ball and gyroscopic moment. Based on the MATLAB platform, the mechanical model of the ball bearing was built. The calculation program of the mechanical characteristics analysis of single and double ball bearings is carried out, and the influence of the related parameters on the mechanical properties of the bearing is studied. Finally, the test platform of the rotor bearing system is built, and the simulation results are tested. The results show that the ratio of the inner and outer bearing to the bearing is directly affected by the speed distribution of the double ball bearing. In the same working state, the double ball bearing has smaller radial and axial support stiffness than the single ball bearing, and the external load and the working speed affect the change of the ball contact angle of the single and double angle contact ball bearings, and the ball's centrifugal force makes the contact angles between the ball and the corresponding inner and outer raceways no longer equal; the external load is not equal. The working speed, the ball material, the radius of the groove curvature and the initial contact angle of the ball have some influence on the axial and radial deformation of the single and double angle contact ball bearings, and the radial clearance, the working speed and the radial load have a certain effect on the radial deformation of the single, double and double deep groove ball bearings.
On the basis of the study of the mechanical characteristics of double ball bearing, the dynamic response of the double ball bearing with the rotor falling to the elastic damper is studied in detail. The dynamic model of the rotor, the support model of the magnetic suspension bearing, the rotor inner ring collision model and the ball bearing are established respectively. The dynamic response of each part after the failure of the magnetic suspension bearing under different parameters is simulated on the basis of the model of the force model and the real time supporting elastic force model of the double deck bearing. The relative drop test is carried out on a five DOF magnetic suspension bearing test platform. The results show that it is with the traditional protection axis. As a protective bearing, the double-layer ball bearing can effectively reduce the collision force between the rotor and the inner ring after the fall of the rotor, the maximum contact stress and the heat of the inner layer ball. In practical use, the inner and outer ball of the outer layer can be adjusted by changing the combination of the inner and outer bearings to adjust the inner layer of the double shaft. Maximum contact stress; in order to ensure the rotor drop and protect the bearing ball in the allowable stress range, the rotor's working speed and eccentricity can not exceed the range of its safety area. From the reduction of the impact force after the fall of the rotor, the friction coefficient between the rotor and the inner ring of the protective bearing should be minimized and the suitable protection clearance should be selected. The support damping of the bearing is protected and the inner layer bearing should have the larger ball initial contact angle and the smaller axial pre tightening force when using the double ball bearing of the angular contact ball bearing with the inner layer to be installed in the face and face as the protective bearing. Select the larger bearing clearance grade; compared with the aluminum, the medium ring connecting material with the 45 steel with a larger density as the double bearing has better cushioning performance, and the rolling shaft of the light series should be selected as far as possible before the maximum contact stress of the ball bearing the ball bearing the bearing is not exceeded the maximum allowable stress range. Bearing combination double deck bearing; when the tolerance ring is installed in the protection bearing system, the supporting characteristics can be adjusted by changing the material thickness of the tolerance ring, the number of projections and other parameters to improve its working performance. The addition of metal rubber rings can effectively buffer the impact of the rotor on the protective bearing after the fall of the rotor; tolerance ring and metal. The damping effect of rubber ring has been proved. But from the difficulty of economy and assembly, the tolerance ring should be chosen as the elastic dampers in the bearing system. The destructive test of the protective bearing proves that the double double bearing with the support of the suitable elastic damper has a longer life and the destructive test process. The bearing is damaged in the form of the cage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH133.3
本文編號：2172886
[Abstract]:In the magnetic suspension bearing system, a set of protective bearings is needed as the temporary support of the rotor after the magnetic suspension bearing fails. The protection equipment is not damaged. The traditional protective bearings can not support the rotation of the ultra high speed rotor, and it is difficult to withstand the vibration and shock caused by the fall of the rotor. Double ball bearings are used as protection bearings and a series of related researches have been carried out.
Before the application of double ball bearing as protective bearing, the mechanical characteristics of the double ball bearing were analyzed. Based on the principle of pseudo statics, the mechanical model of the double layer ball bearing was established under the action of radial load, axial load, centrifugal force of ball and gyroscopic moment. Based on the MATLAB platform, the mechanical model of the ball bearing was built. The calculation program of the mechanical characteristics analysis of single and double ball bearings is carried out, and the influence of the related parameters on the mechanical properties of the bearing is studied. Finally, the test platform of the rotor bearing system is built, and the simulation results are tested. The results show that the ratio of the inner and outer bearing to the bearing is directly affected by the speed distribution of the double ball bearing. In the same working state, the double ball bearing has smaller radial and axial support stiffness than the single ball bearing, and the external load and the working speed affect the change of the ball contact angle of the single and double angle contact ball bearings, and the ball's centrifugal force makes the contact angles between the ball and the corresponding inner and outer raceways no longer equal; the external load is not equal. The working speed, the ball material, the radius of the groove curvature and the initial contact angle of the ball have some influence on the axial and radial deformation of the single and double angle contact ball bearings, and the radial clearance, the working speed and the radial load have a certain effect on the radial deformation of the single, double and double deep groove ball bearings.
On the basis of the study of the mechanical characteristics of double ball bearing, the dynamic response of the double ball bearing with the rotor falling to the elastic damper is studied in detail. The dynamic model of the rotor, the support model of the magnetic suspension bearing, the rotor inner ring collision model and the ball bearing are established respectively. The dynamic response of each part after the failure of the magnetic suspension bearing under different parameters is simulated on the basis of the model of the force model and the real time supporting elastic force model of the double deck bearing. The relative drop test is carried out on a five DOF magnetic suspension bearing test platform. The results show that it is with the traditional protection axis. As a protective bearing, the double-layer ball bearing can effectively reduce the collision force between the rotor and the inner ring after the fall of the rotor, the maximum contact stress and the heat of the inner layer ball. In practical use, the inner and outer ball of the outer layer can be adjusted by changing the combination of the inner and outer bearings to adjust the inner layer of the double shaft. Maximum contact stress; in order to ensure the rotor drop and protect the bearing ball in the allowable stress range, the rotor's working speed and eccentricity can not exceed the range of its safety area. From the reduction of the impact force after the fall of the rotor, the friction coefficient between the rotor and the inner ring of the protective bearing should be minimized and the suitable protection clearance should be selected. The support damping of the bearing is protected and the inner layer bearing should have the larger ball initial contact angle and the smaller axial pre tightening force when using the double ball bearing of the angular contact ball bearing with the inner layer to be installed in the face and face as the protective bearing. Select the larger bearing clearance grade; compared with the aluminum, the medium ring connecting material with the 45 steel with a larger density as the double bearing has better cushioning performance, and the rolling shaft of the light series should be selected as far as possible before the maximum contact stress of the ball bearing the ball bearing the bearing is not exceeded the maximum allowable stress range. Bearing combination double deck bearing; when the tolerance ring is installed in the protection bearing system, the supporting characteristics can be adjusted by changing the material thickness of the tolerance ring, the number of projections and other parameters to improve its working performance. The addition of metal rubber rings can effectively buffer the impact of the rotor on the protective bearing after the fall of the rotor; tolerance ring and metal. The damping effect of rubber ring has been proved. But from the difficulty of economy and assembly, the tolerance ring should be chosen as the elastic dampers in the bearing system. The destructive test of the protective bearing proves that the double double bearing with the support of the suitable elastic damper has a longer life and the destructive test process. The bearing is damaged in the form of the cage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH133.3
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