發(fā)布時間：2018-08-03 21:23

【摘要】：龍門起重機廣泛應用于社會生產(chǎn)和生活中的各個領域。本文所研究的120t龍門起重機鋼結構的重量占整機重量相當大的比重,在整個起重機設計中占有重要地位。其金屬結構的設計的優(yōu)劣及力學性能直接決定了起重機的工作能力和工作質(zhì)量;因此,起重機鋼結構的設計顯得尤為重要,對起重機鋼結構的設計的研究是很有現(xiàn)實意義的。 本文首先研究了目前國內(nèi)外龍門起重機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及發(fā)展趨勢,根據(jù)要求對龍門起重機的鋼結構設計進行了較深入的理論研究。利用ANSYS軟件進行仿真模擬,計算了它的強度、剛度、穩(wěn)定性并且進行了模態(tài)分析。在此基礎上,運用遺傳算法對龍門起重機主梁鋼結構建立優(yōu)化數(shù)學模型進行優(yōu)化,完成龍門起重機主梁截面尺寸的優(yōu)化設計,對優(yōu)化后結果進行分析處理,在ANSYS中重新建模和分析,把分析結果和優(yōu)化前結果進行比較,并驗證優(yōu)化后結構的強度、剛度、穩(wěn)定性及固有頻率。在理論基礎上與實際相結合,本文具體內(nèi)容分為以下幾個部分: ①分析、研究龍門起重機工作機構以及主要鋼結構的截面特點,建立有限元模型,對龍門起重機在六個最危險工況進行了有限元的靜力學分析,按照《起重機設計規(guī)范》中的要求,驗證其強度、剛度和穩(wěn)定性。接著進行模態(tài)分析得出前十階振型圖。最后計算了起重機的穩(wěn)定力矩和傾覆力矩,驗證龍門起重機的抗傾覆穩(wěn)定性。 ②根據(jù)龍門起重機的結構特點,對起重機主梁結構進行適當簡化,以單根主梁的重量為目標函數(shù),以主梁的高度、寬度及個桁架桿的截面參數(shù)為設計變量,以各桿件的強度和剛度為約束條件,來建立主梁的優(yōu)化數(shù)學模型,運用遺傳算法進行了優(yōu)化計算。得到各個設計變量的最優(yōu)值,達到了結構優(yōu)化的目的。 ③將遺傳算法優(yōu)化分析得出的結果按照相關的型鋼參數(shù)進行圓整,重新建立有限元模型,再次在ANSYS中進行仿真分析,對龍門起重機的強度、剛度、穩(wěn)定性進行驗證并與優(yōu)化前的分析結果進行比較,優(yōu)化后的整體重量比優(yōu)化前的重量降低了11.4%。 本文結合優(yōu)化設計方法和有限元分析,對現(xiàn)行起重機機設計方法做了一定的改進和探索,為起重機的設計和優(yōu)化提供了一定的輔助和參考作用。本文的最后提出了幾點在將來有待繼續(xù)研究的問題。
[Abstract]:Gantry crane is widely used in various fields of social production and life. The weight of steel structure of 120t gantry crane studied in this paper accounts for a large proportion of the weight of the whole crane and plays an important role in the design of the whole crane. The design of metal structure and its mechanical properties directly determine the working ability and working quality of crane, therefore, the design of crane steel structure is particularly important, and the study of crane steel structure design is of great practical significance. Firstly, this paper studies the present situation and development trend of gantry crane at home and abroad, and makes a deep theoretical study on the steel structure design of gantry crane according to the requirement. The strength, stiffness, stability and modal analysis are calculated by using ANSYS software. On this basis, the optimization mathematical model of the steel structure of the main girder of the gantry crane is established by genetic algorithm, and the optimization design of the section size of the main girder of the gantry crane is completed, and the results after optimization are analyzed and processed. Remodel and analyze in ANSYS, compare the analysis results with the results before optimization, and verify the strength, stiffness, stability and natural frequency of the optimized structure. On the basis of theory and practice, the concrete contents of this paper are divided into the following parts: 1. The section characteristics of gantry crane working mechanism and main steel structure are studied, and the finite element model is established. The finite element static analysis of gantry crane under six most dangerous conditions is carried out. The strength, stiffness and stability of gantry crane are verified according to the requirements of "Crane Design Code". Then modal analysis is carried out to get the first ten order mode pattern. Finally, the stability and overturning moment of the crane are calculated to verify the anti-overturning stability of the gantry crane. 2 according to the structural characteristics of the gantry crane, the structure of the main girder of the crane is properly simplified. Taking the weight of a single main beam as the objective function, taking the height, width and cross-section parameters of the main beam as design variables, and taking the strength and stiffness of each member as the constraint conditions, the optimization mathematical model of the main beam is established. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the calculation. The optimal value of each design variable is obtained, and the purpose of structural optimization is achieved. 3. The result of genetic algorithm optimization analysis is rounded according to the relevant parameters of section steel, and the finite element model is re-established. The strength, stiffness and stability of gantry crane are verified and compared with the results before optimization. The overall weight of the optimized crane is reduced by 11.4g than that before optimization. Based on the optimization design method and finite element analysis, this paper improves and explores the current crane design method, which provides a certain assistant and reference for the crane design and optimization. At the end of this paper, some problems that need to be studied in the future are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH213.5

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