【摘要】：隨著國家“節(jié)能減排”任務(wù)的提出,能源消耗問題越來越受到國家的重視。料場系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行工作時,料場的布置形式、堆取料機(jī)的取料軌跡、輸送機(jī)的機(jī)械損耗以及驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的工作效率等方面均會對能源消耗產(chǎn)生影響。針對不同的影響因素,分別對料場輸送機(jī)系統(tǒng)節(jié)能優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了討論。 料場的布置應(yīng)遵循統(tǒng)籌安排、合理布局、遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合等原則,結(jié)合堆取料機(jī)的參數(shù),得出了料堆高度、料堆寬度和料堆長度分別與斗輪堆取料機(jī)的懸臂俯仰高度、回轉(zhuǎn)半徑和最大行程的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,為料場的布置提供了參考依據(jù)。 通過對懸臂式斗輪堆取料機(jī)斗輪運(yùn)動規(guī)律的分析,推導(dǎo)出斗輪挖掘切割邊長的計算公式,為實(shí)現(xiàn)斗輪切割邊長最短,挖掘阻力最小提供了依據(jù)；同時確定了堆取料機(jī)斗輪齒尖切屑軌跡為最佳軌跡時斗輪鏟斗長寬比例與斗輪機(jī)大車前進(jìn)距離與懸臂回轉(zhuǎn)初速度之間的比例關(guān)系；并給出了新的取料循環(huán)方式,對已有的斗輪堆取料機(jī),可以提高平均取料能力,對尚在設(shè)計中的新產(chǎn)品,可以降低挖掘阻力和斗輪驅(qū)動功率。 由于德國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計算不同填充率下輸送機(jī)運(yùn)行阻力時,模擬摩擦阻力系數(shù)變化的緣故,采用了美國CEMA6計算方法計算輸送機(jī)運(yùn)行阻力。CEMA6計算方法計算輸送機(jī)主要阻力時不需要考慮區(qū)段的模擬摩擦阻力系數(shù),而是通過計算輸送帶張力,將產(chǎn)生主要阻力的各個張力分量計算出來相加得到。通過一個具體的實(shí)例分析,借助特征量“能量消耗率”的概念,得出不同帶速下輸送機(jī)能量消耗變化情況,指出輸送機(jī)運(yùn)量與帶速的匹配關(guān)系。 針對輸送機(jī)負(fù)載的變化,首先根據(jù)異步電動機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型及等效電路對功率消耗進(jìn)行分析,得出電動機(jī)的功率消耗流程；討論了功率消耗與定子端電壓的關(guān)系,論證了不同負(fù)載情況下調(diào)壓節(jié)能的可行性,并選擇合適的控制量,采用雙向晶閘管實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)壓運(yùn)行；建立了驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的Simulink仿真模型,可視化的觀察電動機(jī)定子電壓、定子電流、轉(zhuǎn)速和功率的變化曲線,得出調(diào)壓運(yùn)行時電動機(jī)的功率因數(shù)和工作效率均得到提高,驗(yàn)證了理論推導(dǎo)的正確性。
[Abstract]:With the national "energy saving and emission reduction" task proposed, energy consumption has been paid more and more attention. When the material yard system is running, the layout of the yard, the loading path of the stacker, the mechanical loss of the conveyor and the working efficiency of the drive system will affect the energy consumption. According to different influencing factors, the energy-saving optimization of conveyer system in material yard is discussed. The layout of the yard should follow the principles of overall arrangement, reasonable layout, combination of distance and near, and combining with the parameters of the heap-taker, the height of the pile, the width of the pile and the length of the pile and the pitch height of the cantilever of the bucket wheel stacker are obtained, respectively. The relationship between the radius of rotation and the maximum stroke provides a reference for the layout of the material yard. Based on the analysis of the motion law of bucket wheel of cantilever bucket wheel heap-taker, the calculation formula of bucket wheel cutting side length is deduced, which provides the basis for realizing the shortest length of bucket wheel cutting side and minimum excavating resistance. At the same time, the relationship between the ratio of bucket length to width and the advance distance of bucket wheel and the initial speed of cantilever rotation are determined when the chip path of bucket wheel tip is the best trajectory, and a new method of collecting material circulation is given. For the existing bucket wheel stacker, the average collecting capacity can be improved, and for the new product still under design, the excavating resistance and the driving power of the bucket wheel can be reduced. As the German standard calculates the running resistance of conveyors under different filling rates, it simulates the variation of friction resistance coefficient. In this paper, the American CEMA6 method is used to calculate the running resistance of the conveyor. When the main resistance of the conveyor is calculated, the simulated friction coefficient of the section is not considered, but the tension of the conveyor belt is calculated. The various tension components that produce the main resistance are calculated to add up. By analyzing a concrete example, with the help of the concept of characteristic quantity "energy consumption rate", the change of energy consumption of conveyer under different belt speeds is obtained, and the matching relationship between conveyer capacity and belt speed is pointed out. According to the change of conveyer load, the power consumption is analyzed according to the mathematical model and equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor, and the power consumption flow of motor is obtained, and the relationship between power consumption and stator terminal voltage is discussed. The feasibility of reducing voltage and saving energy under different load conditions is demonstrated, and the bidirectional thyristor (Thyristor) is adopted to realize the voltage regulation and operation, and the Simulink simulation model of driving system is established to visualize the stator voltage and current of the motor. The power factor and working efficiency of the motor are improved by the curve of speed and power, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical derivation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH222

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