含塵離心風機葉片磨損機理與減磨途徑的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-30 08:33
【摘要】：氣固兩相流離心風機廣泛應用于氣力輸送、煤粉燃燒、環(huán)保除塵、航空、航天等各種工況。當含有固體顆粒的氣體作為工作介質通過葉輪時,固體顆粒在運動中不可避免地與葉輪發(fā)生碰撞、摩擦、反彈、磨損及沉積等問題,從而影響葉輪的動平衡且危及其可靠性和使用壽命。同時氣流中的顆粒會與風機葉片表面發(fā)生碰撞產生沖蝕,導致葉片磨損失效。根據(jù)我國風機行業(yè)協(xié)會統(tǒng)計,輸送氣固兩相混合物的風機約占年產量40%,因此研究氣固兩相流風機磨損問題具有重要的應用價值和現(xiàn)實意義。 論文首先闡述了氣固兩相流離心風機葉片磨損機理,然后介紹了目前國內外在離心風機被動防磨和主動防磨方面的相關研究進展和最新研究方法。本文利用光學顯微鏡、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、X射線衍射儀(XRD)、涂鍍層測厚儀等分析檢測手段,通過磨損模擬試驗和耐磨性能對比試驗,系統(tǒng)研究了含塵離心風機的結構設計、葉片材料選擇、微弧氧化工藝優(yōu)化對葉片磨損行為和葉輪使用壽命的影響,探討了含塵離心風機葉片的磨損機理與減磨途徑,獲得了以下具有創(chuàng)新性的研究結果： (1)通過對離心風機結構的綜合創(chuàng)新設計,在葉輪高速旋轉時產生氣體旋流場,通過這個氣體旋流場完成能量傳遞,使大部分的流體不經過葉輪,達到減少能量損失以及固體顆粒對葉輪的碰撞、摩擦、磨損,提高葉輪壽命的目的。試驗結果表明新型離心風機葉片上試樣的耐磨性約為傳統(tǒng)風機的4倍。 (2)通過優(yōu)選匹配合適的葉片材料和簡單的熱處理工藝替代現(xiàn)常用的低碳結構鋼,以實現(xiàn)提高性能、減少磨損或降低成本的目的。試驗結果表明可采用經淬火+回火處理的40Cr鋼和45鋼來替代現(xiàn)在葉片材料常用的Q235(A3鋼)和Q345(16Mn鋼),可增加葉片的耐磨性,提高葉輪使用壽命。 (3)以4A01型鋁合金為研究對象,通過微弧氧化工藝在鋁合金葉片上形成一層致密均勻的陶瓷層,達到提高葉片耐磨、耐蝕性,延長葉輪使用壽命的目的。研究了不同濃度的電解液對起弧電壓、陶瓷膜厚度、表面形貌、相組成、耐磨性能的影響,試驗結果表明：電解液為主成膜劑]Na2SiO3+添加劑KOH+性能改善劑H3B03+穩(wěn)定劑甘油,且Na2SiO3濃度為12g/L左右時,陶瓷膜的耐磨性最好。研究了電壓、電流密度對陶瓷膜層厚度、表面形貌、相組成、耐磨性能的影響,試驗結果表明：正向電壓在450V左右,正向電流密度在12A/dm2左右時,陶瓷膜的耐磨性最好。
[Abstract]:Gas-solid two-phase flow centrifugal fan is widely used in pneumatic conveying, pulverized coal combustion, environmental protection dust removal, aviation, aerospace and other conditions. When the gas containing solid particles passes through the impeller as the working medium, the solid particles will inevitably collide with the impeller in motion, such as friction, rebound, wear and deposition, etc. It affects the dynamic balance of impeller and endangers its reliability and service life. At the same time, the particles in the air flow will collide with the fan blade surface, resulting in the blade wear failure. According to the statistics of China Fan Industry Association, the fan conveying gas-solid two-phase mixture accounts for about 40 percent of the annual output, so it is of great value and practical significance to study the wear problem of gas-solid two-phase flow fan. In this paper, the vane wear mechanism of gas-solid two-phase flow centrifugal fan is first expounded, and then the research progress and the latest research methods on passive and active anti-wear of centrifugal fan at home and abroad are introduced. By means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) X-ray diffractometer, (XRD), coating thickness measuring instrument and so on, the structure design of dust-bearing centrifugal fan is systematically studied by means of wear simulation test and wear resistance contrast test. The influence of blade material selection and micro-arc oxidation process optimization on blade wear behavior and service life of impeller is discussed. The wear mechanism and wear reduction method of centrifugal fan blade with dust are discussed. The following innovative results are obtained: (1) through the comprehensive and innovative design of the centrifugal fan structure, the gas swirl field is produced when the impeller rotates at high speed, and the energy transfer is accomplished through the gas swirl field. Most of the fluids do not pass through the impeller to reduce the energy loss and the impact of solid particles on the impeller friction wear and improve the life of the impeller. The test results show that the wear resistance of the new centrifugal fan blade is about 4 times that of the traditional fan. (2) the commonly used low carbon structural steel is replaced by the suitable blade material and simple heat treatment process. To achieve the purpose of improving performance, reducing wear or cost. The test results show that Q235 (A3 steel) and Q345 (16Mn steel), which are commonly used in blade materials, can be replaced by quenched and tempered 40Cr and 45 steels, and the wear resistance of the blades can be increased. (3) taking 4A01 type aluminum alloy as the research object, a dense and uniform ceramic layer was formed on the blade of aluminum alloy by micro-arc oxidation process, so as to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the blade. The purpose of prolonging the service life of impeller. The effects of different concentrations of electrolyte on arc starting voltage, ceramic film thickness, surface morphology, phase composition and wear resistance were studied. The experimental results show that the electrolyte is the main film forming agent] KOH additive KOH stabilizer glycerol. When the concentration of Na2SiO3 is about 12g/L, the wear resistance of ceramic film is the best. The effects of voltage and current density on the thickness, surface morphology, phase composition and wear resistance of ceramic film were studied. The experimental results show that the wear resistance of ceramic film is the best when the forward voltage is about 450 V and the forward current density is about 12A/dm2.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH432
[Abstract]:Gas-solid two-phase flow centrifugal fan is widely used in pneumatic conveying, pulverized coal combustion, environmental protection dust removal, aviation, aerospace and other conditions. When the gas containing solid particles passes through the impeller as the working medium, the solid particles will inevitably collide with the impeller in motion, such as friction, rebound, wear and deposition, etc. It affects the dynamic balance of impeller and endangers its reliability and service life. At the same time, the particles in the air flow will collide with the fan blade surface, resulting in the blade wear failure. According to the statistics of China Fan Industry Association, the fan conveying gas-solid two-phase mixture accounts for about 40 percent of the annual output, so it is of great value and practical significance to study the wear problem of gas-solid two-phase flow fan. In this paper, the vane wear mechanism of gas-solid two-phase flow centrifugal fan is first expounded, and then the research progress and the latest research methods on passive and active anti-wear of centrifugal fan at home and abroad are introduced. By means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) X-ray diffractometer, (XRD), coating thickness measuring instrument and so on, the structure design of dust-bearing centrifugal fan is systematically studied by means of wear simulation test and wear resistance contrast test. The influence of blade material selection and micro-arc oxidation process optimization on blade wear behavior and service life of impeller is discussed. The wear mechanism and wear reduction method of centrifugal fan blade with dust are discussed. The following innovative results are obtained: (1) through the comprehensive and innovative design of the centrifugal fan structure, the gas swirl field is produced when the impeller rotates at high speed, and the energy transfer is accomplished through the gas swirl field. Most of the fluids do not pass through the impeller to reduce the energy loss and the impact of solid particles on the impeller friction wear and improve the life of the impeller. The test results show that the wear resistance of the new centrifugal fan blade is about 4 times that of the traditional fan. (2) the commonly used low carbon structural steel is replaced by the suitable blade material and simple heat treatment process. To achieve the purpose of improving performance, reducing wear or cost. The test results show that Q235 (A3 steel) and Q345 (16Mn steel), which are commonly used in blade materials, can be replaced by quenched and tempered 40Cr and 45 steels, and the wear resistance of the blades can be increased. (3) taking 4A01 type aluminum alloy as the research object, a dense and uniform ceramic layer was formed on the blade of aluminum alloy by micro-arc oxidation process, so as to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the blade. The purpose of prolonging the service life of impeller. The effects of different concentrations of electrolyte on arc starting voltage, ceramic film thickness, surface morphology, phase composition and wear resistance were studied. The experimental results show that the electrolyte is the main film forming agent] KOH additive KOH stabilizer glycerol. When the concentration of Na2SiO3 is about 12g/L, the wear resistance of ceramic film is the best. The effects of voltage and current density on the thickness, surface morphology, phase composition and wear resistance of ceramic film were studied. The experimental results show that the wear resistance of ceramic film is the best when the forward voltage is about 450 V and the forward current density is about 12A/dm2.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH432
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