【摘要】：液壓破碎錘是特種車輛上的作業(yè)工具，其通過液壓驅(qū)動活塞撞擊釬桿將巖石等物體破碎。隨著基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和煤礦能源的大力發(fā)展，液壓破碎錘被廣泛地應(yīng)用于各種施工現(xiàn)場。因此，完善液壓破碎錘的設(shè)計方案，使設(shè)計成本降低、可靠性增強(qiáng)是提高產(chǎn)品競爭力的主要研究方向。本文以某型號液壓破碎錘為研究對象，從以下幾個方面展開了研究。 首先，在介紹液壓破碎錘工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上，建立其活塞和換向閥閥芯的運(yùn)動微分方程，，并利用液壓系統(tǒng)仿真軟件DSHplus建立其液壓系統(tǒng)的仿真模型。從仿真的結(jié)果中獲得液壓破碎錘工作參數(shù)的變化趨勢。建立液壓破碎錘的三維模型，采用多體動力學(xué)仿真軟件RecurDyn和Matlab/Simulink對破碎錘進(jìn)行多體動力學(xué)分析并與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比，論證多體動力學(xué)模型的正確性并從中獲取液壓破碎錘有限元仿真所需的邊界條件。 其次，對液壓破碎錘的幾何模型進(jìn)行簡化，利用前處理軟件HyperMesh建立液壓破碎錘的有限元模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上，利用多體動力學(xué)分析的結(jié)果作為有限元分析的邊界條件，利用LS-Dyna對模型進(jìn)行求解，并分析計算的結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明液壓破碎錘的釬桿在工作過程中所受的應(yīng)力最大，接近材料的屈服極限，其他部件所受的應(yīng)力均低于材料的屈服極限。有限元分析結(jié)果為液壓破碎錘的疲勞壽命分析提供了各個部件的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變的時間歷程。 接著，介紹了金屬材料的疲勞破壞特征、疲勞裂紋的產(chǎn)生過程、疲勞壽命的定義和疲勞損傷的累積方法。采用雨流計數(shù)法作為載荷歷程的統(tǒng)計方法，Palmgren一Miner準(zhǔn)則為疲勞損傷的累積方法，以Femap為軟件的開發(fā)載體，利用C#語言調(diào)用Femap的API開發(fā)出一套疲勞分析軟件。 最后，在獲得有限元計算結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上正確選擇疲勞算法，對液壓破碎錘的各個部件進(jìn)行疲勞壽命的定量分析。把計算結(jié)果與知名的疲勞分析軟件fe-safe的計算結(jié)果做對比，誤差在8%以內(nèi)，驗(yàn)證了分析結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。此外，計算的結(jié)果也與工程實(shí)際情況較為符合。表明所提供的液壓破碎錘疲勞壽命分析流程和分析結(jié)果都具有一定的可靠性。 在工程機(jī)械的研發(fā)朝著以計算機(jī)仿真為主導(dǎo)趨勢的今天。論文中提出的以計算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的液壓破碎錘疲勞壽命的分析流程與結(jié)果對液壓破碎錘的開發(fā)和優(yōu)化具有一定的參考意義。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic crushing hammer is a working tool for special vehicles. It breaks rock and other objects by hydraulic driving piston hitting drill rod. With the development of infrastructure and coal mine energy, hydraulic hammer is widely used in various construction sites. Therefore, improving the design scheme of hydraulic hammer, reducing the design cost and enhancing the reliability are the main research directions to improve the competitiveness of the products. In this paper, a certain type of hydraulic hammer as the research object, from the following aspects of the research. Firstly, on the basis of introducing the working principle of hydraulic crushing hammer, the differential equations of motion of piston and valve core are established, and the simulation model of hydraulic system is established by using the hydraulic system simulation software DSHplus. The changing trend of working parameters of hydraulic hammer is obtained from the simulation results. The three-dimensional model of hydraulic hammer was established. The multi-body dynamics simulation software RecurDyn and Matlab / P Simulink were used to analyze the multi-body dynamics of the hammer and the results were compared with the experimental results. The validity of multi-body dynamic model is demonstrated and the boundary conditions for finite element simulation of hydraulic hammer are obtained. Secondly, the geometric model of hydraulic hammer is simplified, and the finite element model of hydraulic hammer is established by preprocessing software HyperMesh. On this basis, the results of multi-body dynamics analysis are used as the boundary conditions of finite element analysis, and the model is solved by LS-Dyna, and the results are analyzed. The results show that the stress of the drill rod of the hydraulic hammer is the largest in the working process, close to the yield limit of the material, and the stress of the other parts is lower than the yield limit of the material. The results of finite element analysis provide the time history of stress and strain for the fatigue life analysis of hydraulic hammer. Then, the fatigue failure characteristics of metal materials, the process of fatigue cracks, the definition of fatigue life and the cumulative method of fatigue damage are introduced. Using rain flow counting method as the statistical method of load history, Palmgren-Miner criterion is used as the cumulative method of fatigue damage, and Femap is used as the software development carrier, and a set of fatigue analysis software is developed by using C # language to call Femap API. Finally, on the basis of obtaining the results of finite element calculation, the fatigue algorithm is correctly selected to quantitatively analyze the fatigue life of every component of the hydraulic hammer. The calculation results are compared with those of the well-known fatigue analysis software fe-safe, and the error is less than 8%, which verifies the accuracy of the analysis results. In addition, the calculated results are in good agreement with the actual situation of the project. It is shown that the fatigue life analysis flow and the analysis results provided by the hydraulic hammer have certain reliability. In the construction machinery research and development towards the computer simulation as the dominant trend today. The analysis flow and result of the fatigue life of hydraulic hammer based on computer simulation technology presented in this paper have certain reference significance for the development and optimization of hydraulic hammer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH137;U469.6

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