【摘要】：偏航、變槳軸承廣泛使用大型四點(diǎn)接觸球軸承,工作時承受軸向載荷、徑向載荷及傾覆力矩的聯(lián)合作用,具有工況載荷復(fù)雜、結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸大、整體剛度低及工作轉(zhuǎn)速低的特點(diǎn),因此不能采用普通軸承的分析方法,而有必要針對其展開專門的研究與分析。本文采用數(shù)值分析法和有限元仿真法,研究偏航、變槳軸承的力學(xué)特性和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計。 首先,簡要分析了偏航、變槳軸承的工作環(huán)境、載荷特征、結(jié)構(gòu)形式等特點(diǎn),詳細(xì)闡述了以Hertz彈性接觸理論為條件的偏航、變槳軸承接觸變形和接觸應(yīng)力的非線性關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)了偏航、變槳軸承接觸載荷和接觸剛度的計算方法,并介紹了其靜強(qiáng)度和疲勞強(qiáng)度的計算理論。 其次,根據(jù)偏航、變槳軸承的使用工況條件、幾何結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和變形協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系,建立了考慮實(shí)際接觸角、游隙、滾道溝曲率半徑系數(shù)等因素的偏航、變槳軸承力學(xué)模型,并給出了采用牛頓—拉夫森迭代法求解力學(xué)模型的詳細(xì)過程,并以某一型號偏航、變槳軸承為例,研究了不同工況條件下軸承的載荷分布規(guī)律及實(shí)際接觸角的變化情況。 接著,采用力學(xué)模型與經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式兩種方法計算偏航、變槳軸承的最大接觸載荷并進(jìn)行對比分析,初步驗(yàn)證了偏航、變槳軸承力學(xué)模型求解最大接觸載荷及計算靜強(qiáng)度的正確性�；诹W(xué)模型計算接觸載荷的方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了偏航、變槳軸承承載曲面和承載曲線的精確繪制。 然后,分析了滾道排距、游隙、接觸角、溝曲率半徑等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對軸承接觸載荷、接觸應(yīng)力、實(shí)際接觸角、承載滾動體個數(shù)等力學(xué)性能的影響規(guī)律,完成了以最小接觸應(yīng)力為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的偏航、變槳軸承優(yōu)化模型建立,并采用遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了偏航、變槳軸承結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計。 最后,采用有限元分析法對比分析了無支撐結(jié)構(gòu)和含支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的偏航、變槳軸承兩種模型的載荷分布及實(shí)際接觸角變化規(guī)律,并通過與力學(xué)模型計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了偏航、變槳軸承力學(xué)模型求解載荷分布方法的正確性。
[Abstract]:Yaw, variable propeller bearings are widely used in large four-point contact ball bearings, bearing axial load, radial load and overturning torque. They are characterized by complex working load, large structure size, low overall stiffness and low rotational speed. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out special research and analysis for ordinary bearings. In this paper, numerical analysis and finite element simulation are used to study the optimum design of mechanical properties and structural parameters of yaw and variable propeller bearings. First of all, the characteristics of yaw, variable pitch bearing working environment, load characteristic, structure form and so on are briefly analyzed, and the nonlinear relationship between contact deformation and contact stress of variable propeller bearing based on Hertz elastic contact theory is described in detail. The calculation methods of contact load and contact stiffness of yaw and variable propeller bearings are derived, and the calculation theory of static strength and fatigue strength are introduced. Secondly, according to the operating conditions of yaw, variable propeller bearing, geometric structure characteristic and deformation coordination relation, the mechanical model of variable propeller bearing is established considering the actual contact angle, clearance, raceway curvature radius coefficient and so on. The detailed process of solving the mechanical model by Newton-Raphson iterative method is given. Taking a certain type of yaw and variable propeller bearing as an example, the load distribution law of bearing and the change of actual contact angle under different working conditions are studied. Then, the maximum contact load of the variable pitch bearing is calculated by using the mechanical model and the empirical formula, and the correctness of the yaw and the mechanical model of the variable propeller bearing is preliminarily verified by the calculation of the maximum contact load and the static strength of the variable propeller bearing. Based on the mechanical model, the accurate drawing of yaw, bearing surface and bearing curve is realized. Then, the effects of raceway spacing, clearance, contact angle, groove radius of curvature on the contact load, contact stress, actual contact angle and the number of bearing rolling bodies are analyzed. The yaw with minimum contact stress as the objective function and the optimization model of variable propeller bearing are established and solved by genetic algorithm. Thus the optimum design of structural parameters of yaw and variable pitch bearing is realized. Finally, the load distribution and actual contact angle of the two models of unsupported structure and bearing with support are analyzed by means of finite element analysis, and the results are compared with the results of mechanical model. Furthermore, the correctness of the method of calculating load distribution by the mechanical model of yaw and variable propeller bearing is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH133.3

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